DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000017
      
      
        Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
      
      
        
          
            Issue 07 ·
           Volume 126 ·
           July 2018
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-008-40918 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            German Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Guidelines
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        406
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Petersmann, Astrid; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nauck, Matthias; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Müller-Wieland, Dirk; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kerner, Wolfgang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Müller, Ulrich A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Landgraf, Rüdiger; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Freckmann, Guido; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Heinemann, Lutz: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        411
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Heinemann, Lutz; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Deiss, Dorothee; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Siegmund, Thorsten; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schlüter, Sandra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Naudorf, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              von Sengbusch, Simone; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lange, Karin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Freckmann, Guido: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        429
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gu, Tianwei; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhou, Weihong; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sun, Jie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wang, Jing; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhu, Dalong; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bi, Yan: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        437
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Spałkowska, Magdalena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mrozińska, Sandra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gałuszka-Bednarczyk, Anna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gosztyła, Katarzyna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Przywara, Agnieszka; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Guzik, Justyna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Janeczko, Marek; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Milewicz, Tomasz; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wojas-Pelc, Anna: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        445
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gradinaru, Daniela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Khaddour, Husseina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Margina, Denisa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ungurianu, Anca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Borsa, Claudia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ionescu, Cristina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Prada, Gabriel-Ioan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Usher, Joshua; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Elshimali, Yahya: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        453
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Bajbouj, Khuloud; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shafarin, Jasmin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Allam, Hilda; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Madkour, Mohamed; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Awadallah, Samir; 
              
            
          
            
              
              El-Serafy, Ahmed; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sandeep, Divyasree; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hamad, Mawieh: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        460
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Lv, Xuemei; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ren, Qian; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhou, Lingli; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Geng, Yanyan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Song, Jia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mina, A; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Puchi, Basang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Senlin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Meng, Shuyou; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Lihui: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Letter to the Editor
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        465