Primary synovial osteochondromatosis of the stifle in an English Mastiff

T. J. Smith; W. I. Baltzer; C. Löhr; S. M. Stieger-Vanegas

doi:10.3415/VCOT-11-04-0049

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012; 25(02): 160-166
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-11-04-0049

Case Report

Schattauer GmbH

Primary synovial osteochondromatosis of the stifle in an English Mastiff

Authors

T. J. Smith

¹Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
W. I. Baltzer

¹Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
C. Löhr

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
S. M. Stieger-Vanegas

¹Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

Abstract

Summary

A two-year-old, 97 kg, male neutered English Mastiff was evaluated for left pelvic limb lameness of five months duration localized to the stifle joint. Following radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic examination, the lameness was subsequently diagnosed as being caused by primary synovial osteochondromatosis. In total, 194 osteochondral bodies were removed using arthroscopy in combination with a mini-arthrotomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry of the loose osteochondral fragments confirmed the diagnosis with a moderately high degree of differentiation and low cellularity. Nuclear staining for Ki-67 revealed decreasing differentiation and increasing cellularity in the fragments. At the 13 months telephone follow-up the owner reported that the dog was free from lameness and had a vastly improved function compared with preoperative levels, although mild lameness did occasionally occur. This is the first report of computed tomography, arthroscopy and immunohistochemistry confirming a case of primary synovial osteochondromatosis in a dog.

Keywords

Osteochondromatosis - Ki-67 - dog - stifle - arthroscopy

Full Text

References

References
1 Flo GL, Stickle RL, Dunstan RW. Synovial chondrometaplasia in five dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191: 1417-1422.
2 Gregory SP, Pearson GR. Synovial osteochondromatosis in a Labrador Retriever bitch. J Small Animal Pract 1990; 31: 580-583.
3 Edinger DT, Manley PA. Arthrodesis of the shoulder for synovial osteochondromatosis. J Small Animal Pract 1998; 39: 397-400.
4 Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE. Miscellaneous conditions of the musculoskeletal system. In: Brinker, Piermattei and Flo's Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair. Missouri: Saunders; 2006. pg. 775-790.
5 Schajowicz F. Tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and joints. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1981
6 Mackenzie G, Raby N, Ritchie D. A pictorial review of primary synovial osteochondrmatosis. Eur Radiol 2008; 18: 2662-2669.
7 Von linddern JJ, Theuerkauf I, Niederhagen B. et al. Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: clinical, diagnostic and histomorphologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod 2002; 94: 31-38.
8 Thompson K. Diseases of joints. In: Maxie MG. editor. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals. New York: Elsevier Ltd; 2007. pg. 130-136.
9 Nakanishi S, Sakamoto K, Yoshitake H. et al. Bone morphogenetic proteins are involved in the pathobiology of synovial chondromatosis. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 2009; 379: 914-919.
10 Pool RR, Thompson KG. Tumors of joints. In: Meuten DJ. editor. Tumors in Domestic Animals. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press; 2002. pg. 199-243.
11 Diaz-Bertrana C, Durall I, Rial JM. et al. Extra- and intra-articular synovial chondromatosis and malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 277-283.
12 Tutan S, Ozgonenel L, Cetin E. et al. Two rare involvement sites: synovial chondromatosis. Rheumtol Int 2011; 31: 687-689.
13 Davis RI, Foster H, Biggart DJ. C-erb B-2 staining in primary synovial chondromatosis: A comparison with other cartilaginous tumors. J Path 1996; 179: 392-395.
14 Davis RI, Foster H, Arthur K. et al. Cell proliferation studies in primary synovial chondromatosis. J Path 1998; 184: 18-23.
15 Geels JJ, Roush JK, Hoskinson JJ. et al. Evaluation of an intracapsular technique for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2000; 13: 197-203.
16 Schulz KS. What's new in elbow arthroscopy. Proceedings of the 13th Annual American College of Veterinary Surgeons Symposium. 2003. October 9 Washington DC, USA: pg. 329-331.
17 Pool RR. Osteochondromatosis. In: Borjab MJ. editor. Disease Mechanisms in Small Animal Surgery. Malvern, PA: Lea and Febiger, Malvern; 1993. pg. 821-833.
18 Thompson KG, Pool RR. Tumors of bones. In: Meuten DJ. Tumors of domestic animals. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press; 2002. pg. 245-317.
19 Kay PR, Freemont AJ, Davies DRA. The aetiology of multiple loose bodies: Snow Storm Knee. J Bone Joint Surg 1989; 71: 501-504.
20 Imhoff A, Schreiber A. Synovial chondromatosis. Orthopade 1988; 17: 233-244.
21 Saotome K, Tamai K, Koguchi Y. et al. Growth potential of loose bodies: an immunohistochemical examination of primary and secondary synovial osteochondromatosis. J Orthop Res 1999; 17: 73-79.
22 Maurice H, Crone M, Watt I. Synovial chondromatosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988; 70: 807-811.
23 Shpitzer T, Ganel A, Engelberg S. Surgery for synovial chondromatosis: 26 cases followed up for 6 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1990; 61: 567-569.
24 Batheja NO, Wang BY, Springfiled D. et al. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis of the tibiofibular joint. Ann Diag Pathl 2000; 4: 77-80.
25 Scully SP, Layfield LJ, Harrelson JM. Prognostic markers in chondrosarcoma: evaluation of cell proliferation and of regulators of the cell cycle. Sarcoma 1997; 1: 79-87.