Occurrence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in multiplier pig herds in Switzerland

Summary

Objective: This research was aimed to determine the occurrence of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae in Swiss multiplier pig herds. Materials and methods: In a pilot study a direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for B. hyodysenteriae was compared to culture followed by PCR on 106 samples from three herds. Subsequently 40 multiplier herds were epidemiologically characterized and analysed for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae using direct PCR on 1412 rectal swabs. For external validation 20 swabs obtained from two positive conventional herds were analysed. Results: The comparison of direct PCR with culture followed by PCR resulted in a moderate agreement (kappa index: 0.58). In the two conventional herds, 35% of the samples (7/20) tested positive. Samples from 39 multipliers tested negative. In one multiplier herd, 25% (9/36) of the samples tested PCR positive. Risk factors in the multiplier herd may have been rodents or birds, but not pig purchase. Conclusion and clinical relevance: B. hyodysenteriae have been detected in a Swiss multiplier herd, which underlines the threat of potential spread by replacement pigs. Consequently, a Brachyspira monitoring programme was established for Swiss multiplier herds.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: Die Studie untersuchte das Vorkommen von Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae in Schweizer Vermehrungsbetrieben für Schweine. Material und Methoden: In einer Pilotstudie wurden anhand von 106 Proben aus drei Herden Ergebnisse einer direkten Real-Time-Polymerasekettenreaktion mit einer kulturellen Untersu - chung gefolgt von einer Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) verglichen. Anschließend wurden 40 Vermehrungsbetriebe epidemiologisch charakterisiert und 1412 Kottupfer dieser Bestände mit der direkten PCR untersucht. Für eine externe Validierung wurden 20 Proben von zwei positiven konventionellen Herden untersucht. Ergebnisse: Der Vergleich der direkten PCR mit der Kultur und der nachfolgenden PCR ergab eine moderate Übereinstimmung (Kappa-Index: 0,58). In den zwei konventionellen Herden waren 35% (7/20) der Proben positiv. Kottupfer aus 39 Vermehrungsbetrieben erwiesen sich als negativ. In einem Vermehrungsbestand waren 25% (9/36) der Proben positiv. Risikofaktoren könnten im positiven Vermehrungsbetrieb Nager oder Vögel, nicht aber Tierzukauf gewesen sein. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Der Nachweis von B. hyodysenteriae in einem Vermehrungsbetrieb betont die Gefahr einer möglichen Verbreitung durch Zuchttiere. Daher wurde in Schweizer Vermehrungsbetrieben ein Brachyspiren-Monitoringprogramm eingeführt.

Keywords

Prevalence - swine dysentery - risk factors - real-time polymerase chain reaction

Schlüsselwörter

Prävalenz - Schweinedysenterie - Risikofaktor - Real-Time-Polymerasekettenreaktion

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