Perineal Approaches to Rectal Prolapse

Mari A. Madsen

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1075858

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2008; 21(2): 100-105
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1075858

Perineal Approaches to Rectal Prolapse

Mari A. Madsen¹

¹Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The management of full-thickness rectal prolapse involves surgical intervention in the majority of cases. Many procedures have been described. Perineal procedures are generally reserved for patients with multiple comorbid conditions or those considered too elderly or frail to withstand an abdominal surgical approach. They also play an important role in the management of rectal mucosal prolapse. The techniques, advantages, and complications of perineal approaches to rectal prolapse in use today are the focus of this chapter.

KEYWORDS

Rectal prolapse - perineal procedures - procidentia - rectal mucosal prolapse

Volltext

Referenzen

REFERENCES

1 Mann C V. Rectal prolapse. In: Morson BC Diseases of the Colon, Rectum and Anus. New York; Appleton-Century-Crofts 1969: 236
2 Frykman H M, Goldberg S M. The surgical management of rectal procidentia. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1969; 129 1225-1230
3 McKee R F, Lauder J C, Poon F W, Aitchison M A, Finlay I G. A prospective randomized study of abdominal rectopexy with and without sigmoidectomy in rectal prolapse. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992; 174 145-148
4 Luukkonen P, Mikkonen U, Jarvinen H. Abdominal rectopexy with sigmoidectomy vs. rectopexy alone for rectal prolapse: a prospective, randomized study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1992; 7 219-222
5 Finlay I G, Aitchison M. Perineal excision of the rectum for prolapse in the elderly. Br J Surg. 1991; 78 687-689
6 Williams J G, Rotherberger D A, Madoff R D, Goldberg S M. Treatment of rectal prolapse in the elderly by perineal rectosigmoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992; 35 830-834
7 Senapati A, Nicholls R J, Thomson J P, Phillips R K. Results of Delorme's procedure for rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994; 37 456-460
8 Takesue Y, Yokoyama T, Murakami Y et al.. The effectiveness of perineal rectosigmodectimy for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Surg Today. 1999; 29 290-293
9 Prasad M L, Pearl R K, Abcarian H et al.. Perineal proctectomy, posterior rectopexy and postanal levator repair for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 1986; 29 547-552
10 Agachan F, Reissman P, Pfeifer J et al.. Comparison of three perineal procedures for the treatment of rectal prolapse. South Med J. 1997; 90 925-932
11 Williams J G, Rotherberger D A, Madoff R D, Goldberg S M. Treatment of rectal prolapse in the elderly by perineal rectosigmoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992; 35 830-834
12 Yakut M, Kaymakciioglu N, Simsek A et al.. Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse: a retrospective analysis of 94 cases. Int Surg. 1998; 83 53-55
13 Madoff R D, Mellgren A. One hundred years of rectal prolapse surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999; 42 441-450
14 Deen K I, Grant E, Billingham C, Keighley M RB. Abdominal resection rectopexy with pelvic floor repair versus perineal rectosigmoidectomy and pelvic floor repair for full-thickness rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1994; 81 302-304
15 Pescatori M, Interisano A, Stolfi V M, Zoffoli M. Delorme's operation and sphincteroplasty for rectal prolapse and fecal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1998; 13 223-227
16 Lechaux J P, Lechaux D, Perex M. Results of Delorme's procedure for rectal prolapse: advantages of a modified technique. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995; 38 301-307
17 Watts A MI, Thompson M R. Evaluation of Delorme's procedure as a treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 2000; 87 218-222
18 Delorme R. Sur le traitement des prolapses du rectum totaux pour l'excision de la muscueuse rectal ou rectolique. Bull Mem Soc Chir Paris (Bulletin et Memoires de la Societe des Chirugiens de Paris). 1900; 26 499-518
19 Tobin S A, Scott I HK. Delorme operation for rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1994; 81 1681-1684
20 Madiba T E, Baig M K, Wexner S D. Surgical management of rectal prolapse. Arch Surg. 2005; 140 63-73
21 Oliver G C, Vachon D, Eisenstat T E et al.. Delorme's procedure for complete rectal prolapse in severely debilitated patients: an analysis of 41 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994; 37 461-467
22 Kling K M, Rongione A J, Evans B, McFadden D W. The Delorme procedure: a useful operation for complicated rectal prolapse in the elderly. Am Surg. 1996; 62 857-860
23 Liberman H, Hughes C, Dippolito A. Evaluation and outcome of the Delorme procedure in the treatment of rectal outlet obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000; 43 188-192
24 Sielezneff I, Maouf A, Cesari J, Brunet C, Sarles J C, Sastre B. Selection criteria for internal rectal prolapse repair by Delorme's transrectal resection. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999; 42 367-373
25 Williams N S, Giordano P, Dvorkin L S et al.. External pelvic rectal suspension (the express procedure) for full-thickness rectal prolapse: evolution of a new technique. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005; 48(2) 307-316
26 Mikulicz J. Zur operation behandlung des prolapsus recti et cold invaginati. Arch Klin Chir. 1889; 38 74-97
27 Miles W E. Rectosigmoidectomy as a method of treatment for procidentia recti. Proc R Soc Med. 1933; 26 1445-1452
28 Altemeier W A. One-stage perineal surgery for complete rectal prolapse. Hosp Pract. 1972; 7 102-108
29 Altemeier W A, Culbertson W R. Technique for perineal repair of rectal prolapse. Surgery. 1965; 58 758-764
30 Altemeier W A, Culbertson W R, Schowengardt C et al.. Nineteen years experience with with the one-stage perineal repair of rectal prolapse. Ann Surg. 1971; 173 993-1006
31 Bennett B H, Geelhoed G W. A stapler modification of the Altemeier procedure for rectal prolapse. Am Surg. 1985; 51 116-120
32 Ramanujam P S, Vankatesh K S, Fietz M J. Perineal excision of rectal procidentia in elderly high-risk patients: a ten-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994; 37 1027-1030
33 Watts J D, Totheberger D A, Buls J G et al.. The management of procidentia: 30 years experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985; 28 96-102
34 Johansen O B, Wexner S D, Daniel N et al.. Perineal rectosigmoidectomy in the elderly. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993; 36 767-772
35 Kim D-S, Tsang C B, Wong W D et al.. Complete rectal prolapse: evolution of management and results. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999; 42 460-469
36 Boccasanta P, Venturi M, Barbieri S, Roviaro G. Impact of new technologies on the clinical and functional outcome of Altemeier's procedure: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006; 49(5) 652-660
37 Friedman R, Muggia-Sulam M, Freund H R. Experience with the one-stage perineal repair of rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 1983; 26 789-791
38 Hughes E SR. Discussion on rectal prolapse. Proc R Soc Med. 1949; 42 1007-1011
39 Steele S R, Goetz L H, Minami S et al.. Management of recurrent rectal prolapse: surgical approach influences outcome. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006; 49 440-445
40 Yoshoika K, Ogunbiyi O A, Keishley M RB. Pouch perineal rectosigmoidectomy gives better functional results than conventional rectosigmoidectomy in elderly patients with rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1998; 85 1525-1526
41 Chun S, Pikarsky A, You S et al.. Perineal rectosigmoidectomy for rectal prolapse: role of levatorplasty. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001; 44 A5-A26
42 Goldman J. Concerning prolapse of the rectum with special emphasis on the operation by Thiersch. Dis Colon Rectum. 1988; 31 154-155
43 Jacobs L K, Lin Y J, Orkin B A. The best operation for rectal prolapse. Surg Clin North Am. 1997; 77 49-70
44 Kuijpers H C. Treatment of complete rectal prolapse: to narrow, to wrap, to suspend, to fix, to encircle, to plicate or to resect?. World J Surg. 1992; 16 826-830
45 Wassef R, Rothenberger D A, Goldberg S M. Rectal prolapse. Curr Prob Surg. 1986; 23 397-451
46 Darzi A, Henry M M, Guillou P J et al.. Stapled laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse. Surg Endosc. 1995; 9 301-303
47 Dietzen C D, Pemberton J H. Perineal approaches for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. Neth J Surg. 1989; 41 140-144
48 Corman M L. Colon & Rectal Surgery. 5^th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005: 515
49 Yamana T, Iwadare J. Mucosal plication (Gant-Miwa procedure) with anal encircling for rectal prolapse-a review of the Japanese experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003; 46(10 Suppl) S94-S99
50 Corman M L. Colon & Rectal Surgery. 5^th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005: 528
51 Dutta B N, Das A K. Treatment of prolapse in children with injections of sclerosing agents. J Indian Med Assoc. 1977; 69 275-276
52 Kay N R, Sachary R B. The treatment of rectal prolaspe in children with injection of 30% saline solutions. J Pediatr Surg. 1970; 5 334-337
53 Narasanagi S S. Rectal prolapse in children. J Indian Med Assoc. 1974; 62 378-380
54 Fazio V W, Church J M, Delaney C P. Current Therapy in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 2^nd ed. Philadelphia; Elsevier Mosby 2005: 133
55 Yoshioka K, Hyland G, Keighley M RB. Anorectal function after abdominal proctopexy. Parameters of predictive value in identifying return of continence. Br J Surg. 1989; 76 64-68
56 Glasgow S C, Birnbaum E H, Kodner I J, Fleshman J W, Dietz D W. Preoperative anal manometry predicts continence after perineal proctectomy for rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006; 49(7) 1052-1058

Mari A MadsenM.D.

Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

8737 Beverly Blvd., #402, Los Angeles, CA 90048

eMail: madsenm@cshs.org