RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038134
Indikationen und Limitationen einer fixen Kombinationstherapie mit inhalativen Kortikosteroiden und langwirksamen β2-Mimetika bei der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)
Friend or Foe: Combination Therapy with Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β2-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht 12.12.2007
akzeptiert 4.2.2008
Publikationsdatum:
09. April 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Inhalative Kortikosteroide (ICS) sind ab dem Schweregrad III zur Dauertherapie der COPD (chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung) indiziert. Die Kombination eines ICS mit einem langwirksamen β2-Mimetikum (LABA) ist klinisch in Bezug auf die folgenden Parameter wirksamer als die jeweilige Einzelsubstanz alleine: Reduktion der Exazerbations- und Hospitalisierungsrate, Reduktion der Dyspnoesymptomatik und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. Die Mortalität konnte durch die feste ICS/LABA-Kombination nicht signifikant und nur im Trend gesenkt werden. In Langzeitstudien traten in den ICS-Gruppen die orale/pharyngeale Candidiasis in bis zu 10 % der Patienten auf. Obwohl insgesamt selten, zeigen Langzeitstudien und Datenbankanalysen unter ICS-Therapie eine 18 – 19 % erhöhte Pneumoniewahrscheinlichkeit bzw. ein um den Faktor 1,7 – 2,2 erhöhtes Pneumonierisiko. Da ICS nicht ohne einen Bronchodilatator verordnet werden sollen, sind die genannten festen Kombinationen in der COPD eine logische Konsequenz für die Langzeittherapie ab dem Schweregrad 3.
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are recommended only in combination with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) in stage 3 and higher in COPD treatment guidelines. In comparison to placebo and the single components, a superior control by means of the ICS/LABA fixed combination therapy has been demonstrated for clinical improvement in the following parameters: reduction of exacerbation rate and hospitalisations, reduction of dyspnoea and improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). In contrast to data from database studies, the large prospective TORCH (Towards a Revolution in COPD Health) trial found in the ICS/LABA group a beneficial effect on the reduction of mortality only as a trend in the ICS/LABA group, which did not reach statistical significance. In long-term trials, ICS treated patients experienced up to 10 % oral and/or pharyngeal candidiasis. ICS was associated with an excess risk of pneumonia, which doubles the pneumonia incidence in patients not receiving ICS. The probability of having pneumonia reported as an adverse event was 18 – 19 % in the ICS groups and resulted in a 1.7 – 2.2 elevated pneumonia risk. Because ICS therapy is recommended only in conjunction with a bronchodilator, fixed ICS/LABA combinations are a logical consequence for COPD long-term therapy.
Literatur
- 1
Gillissen A.
Kortisontherapie bei chronisch-obstruktiver Bronchitis – Contra-Position.
Dtsch Med Wschr.
2000;
125
222-223
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Vogelmeier C.
Kortisontherapie bei chronisch-obstruktiver Bronchitis – Pro-Position.
Dtsch Med Wschr.
2000;
125
220-221
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Schäfer H, Ewig S, Gillissen A.
Therapeutische Optionen im Management der stabilen chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung
(COPD).
Dtsch Med Wschr.
2000;
125
230-235
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Gillissen A, Buhl R, Kardos P. et al .
Inhalierbare Kortikosteroide in der Langzeittherapie der COPD. Stellungnahme eines
Expertengremiums.
Pneumologie.
2000;
54
256-262
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Sutherland E R, Allmers H, Ayas N. et al .
Inhaled corticosteroids reduce the progression of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.
Thorax.
2003;
58
937-941
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Vestbo J, Sørensen T, Lange P. et al .
Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet.
1999;
355
1819-1823
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Burge P S.
EUROSCOP, ISOLDE and the Copenhagen City Lung Study.
Thorax.
1999;
54
287-288
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Calverley P MA.
Inhaled Corticosteroids are beneficial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2000;
161
341-344
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Vogelmeier C, Buhl R, Criée C-P. et al .
Leitlinie der Deutschen Atemwegsliga und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie
und Beatmungsmedizin zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver
Bronchitis und Lungenemphysem (COPD).
Pneumologie.
2007;
61
e1-e40
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) A d W M F A, Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arzneimittelkommission
der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ), Deutsche Atemwegsliga, Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin
(DGIM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (DGP), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische
Medizin und Rehabilitation (DGRMR) .
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie COPD.
Deutsches Ärzteblatt.
2006;
103
A1324-A1327
MissingFormLabel
- 11 GOLD Executive Committee .Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. www.goldcopd.com 2006
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Welte T.
Die feste Kombination aus inhalativem lang wirkendem Sympathomimetikum und inhalativem
Glukokortikosteroid. Eine Option zur Therapie der COPD.
Med Klinik.
2003;
98
552-561
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Kardos P, Wencker M, Glaab T. et al .
Impact of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus salmeterol on exacerbations in
severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2007;
175
144-149
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Wedzicha J A, Calverley P MA, Seemungal T AR. et al .
The prevention of COPD exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium
bromide.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2007;
in press
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Gillissen A.
Managing asthma in the real world.
Int J Clin Pract.
2004;
58
592-603
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Gillissen A, Büsch K, Juergens U R.
Therapieadhärenz bei Asthma bronchiale: Definition – Einteilung – beeinflussende Faktoren.
Dtsch Med Wschr.
2007;
132
1281-1286
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Chrischilles E, Gilden D, Kubisiak J. et al .
Delivery of ipratropium and albuterol combination therapy for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease: effectiveness of a two-in-on inhaler versus separate inhalers.
Am J Manag Care.
2002;
8
902-911
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Stoloff S W, Stempel D A, Meyer J. et al .
Improved refill persistence with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in a single
inhaler compared with other controller therapies.
J Allergy Clin Immunol.
2004;
113
245-251
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Stempel D A, Stoloff S W, Carranza Rosenzweig J R. et al .
Adherence to asthma controller medication regimes.
Respir Med.
2005;
99
1263-1267
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Pauwels R A, Löfdahl C-G, Postma D S. et al .
Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma.
N Engl J Med.
1997;
337
1405-1411
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Gillissen A, Welte T.
Synergistische Effekte einer Kombinationstherapie von inhalativen Glukokortikosteroiden
mit langwirkenden β2-Rezeptorantagonisten in der Behandlung des Asthma bronchiale.
Med Klinik.
2001;
96
713-721
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Mak J C, Nishikawa M, Shirasaki H. et al .
Protective effects of a glucocorticoid on down-regulation of pulmonary β2-adrenergic receptors in vivo.
J Clin Invest.
1995;
96
99-106
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Nishikawa M, Mak J CW, Shirasaki H. et al .
Differential down-regulation of pulmonary β2- and β2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA with prolonged in vivo infusion of isoprenaline.
Eur J Pharmacol.
1993;
247
131-138
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Dal Negro R W, Pomari C, Tognella S. et al .
Salmeterol & Fluticasone 50 µg/250 µg bid in combination provides a better long-term
control than salmeterol 50 µg bid alone and placebo in COPD-patients already treated
with theophylline.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther.
2003;
16
241-246
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Szafranski W, Ramirez A, Menga G. et al .
Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J.
2003;
21
74-81
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Mahler D A, Wire P, Horstman D. et al .
Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the
diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2002;
166
1084-1091
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Hanania N A, Darken P, Horstman D. et al .
The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (250 µg)/salmeterol (50 µg) combined
in the diskus inhaler for the treatment of COPD.
Chest.
2003;
124
834-843
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Calverley P MA, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z. et al .
Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease.
Eur Respir J.
2003;
22
912-919
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Calverley P MA, Pauwels R A, Vestbo J. et al .
Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet.
2003;
361
449-456
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Calverley P MA, Anderson J A, Celli B R. et al .
Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease.
N Engl J Med.
2007;
356
775-789
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Calverley P MA, Olsson H.
Budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler sustains improvements in lung function over
12 months compared with monocomponents and placebo in patients with COPD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2003;
167
A319
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Sin D D, Tu J V.
Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients
with chronich obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2001;
164
580-584
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Suissa S.
Effectiveness of inhalaed corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Immortal time bias in observational studies.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2003;
168
49-53
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Gillissen A, Lewis M, Worth H.
Inhalative Kortikoide und COPD-Mortalität: Limitationen.
Pneumologie.
2003;
57
639-642
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Jones P W, Agusti A GN.
Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J .
2006;
27
822-832
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Jones P W.
St. George's respiratory questionnaire: MCID.
COPD.
2005;
2
75-79
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Ernst P, Gonzalez A V, Brassard P. et al .
Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of
hospitalization for pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2007;
176
162-166
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Nannini L, Lasserson T J, Poole P.
Combined corticosteroid and longacting beta-agonist in one inhaler for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2003;
4
CD003794
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Young R P, Hopkins R, Eaton T E.
Forced expiratory volume in one second: not just a lung function test but a marker
of premature death from all causes.
Eur Respir J.
2007;
30
616-622
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Martinez F J, Foster G, Curtis J L. et al .
Predictors of mortality in patients with emphysema and severe airflow obstruction.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2006;
173
1326-1334
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Wise R A.
The value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second decline in the assessment of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease progression.
Am J Med.
2006;
119
S4-S11
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Gillissen A, Buhl R, Kardos P. et al .
Studienendpunkte bei der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD): Minimal clinically
important difference.
Pneumologie.
2008;
im Druck
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Calverley P MA, Rennard S I.
What have we learned from large drug treatment trials in COPD.
Lancet.
2007;
370
774-785
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Fabbri L M, Rabe K F.
From COPD to chronic systemic inflammatory syndrome?.
Lancet.
2007;
370
797-799
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Rabe K F, Hurd S S, Anzueto A. et al .
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. GOLD Executive Summary.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2007;
176
532-555
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Amercian Thoracic Society .
Surveillance for respiratory hazards in the occupational setting. Official statement
of the American Thoracic Society.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1982;
42
773-778
MissingFormLabel
Prof. Dr. med. A. Gillissen
Robert Koch-Klinik, Thoraxzentrum des Klinikums St. Georg
Nikolai-Rumjanzew-Str. 100
04207 Leipzig
URL: http://www.rkk-leipzig.de