Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Vitamin-B12 -Mangel im frühen Säuglingsalter ist u. a. Ursache für Störungen des Wachstums, schwerer
Regression der psychomotorischen Entwicklung, Muskelhypotonie und Hirnatrophie. Die
Vitaminmangelsituation kann durch eine für Kinder ungeeignete Spezialdiät aus rein
vegetabilen Rohstoffen herbeigeführt werden. Ursächlich kommen aber vor allem eine
vegane Ernährung oder eine perniziöse Anämie der Mutter infrage. Patienten und Methoden: Wir berichten über 4 voll gestillte Säuglinge, bei denen es durch vegane Kost oder
eine perniziöse Anämie der Mutter zu einer neurologischen Symptomatik durch alimentären
Vitamin-B12 -Mangel gekommen ist. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Der Vitamin-B12 -Mangel ist einfach und sensitiv über den Nachweis von Methylmalonat im Rahmen der
Bestimmung der organischen Säuren im Urin zu diagnostizieren. Er sollte vermieden
beziehungsweise frühestmöglich erfasst werden, da eine Vitamin-B12 -Substitution von Mutter und Kind die neurologische Symptomatik des Kindes verhindert
bzw. zu einer (teilweisen) Normalisierung der Befunde bereits betroffener Kinder führen
kann.
Abstract
Background: Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy include growth retardation, regression of psychomotor development,
muscular hypotonia and brain atrophy. Besides an inappropriate vegetarian diet of
the infants, a vegan diet or a pernicious anaemia of the mother may lead to an insufficient
vitamin B12 supply of the child. Patients and Methods: We report here the neurological symptoms of 4 fully breast-fed infants from mothers
on vegan diet or with pernicious anaemia. Discussion and Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency can easily be diagnosed by detection of methylmalonic acid when measuring
the organic acids in urine. Vitamin B12 deficiency should be avoided or diagnosed as early as possible since a supplementation
of mother and child can prevent neurological symptoms of the baby. Furthermore, the
neurological symptoms of the infant with manifest vitamin B12 deficiency are (partially) reversible.
Schlüsselwörter
Cobalamin - vegane Kost - neurologische Symptome - Vitamin B12
- perniziöse Anämie
Key words
cobalamin - vegan diet - neurological symptoms - vitamin B12
- pernicious anaemia
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Dr. H. Hartmann
Abteilung Kinderheilkunde II Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
30623 Hannover
Email: hartmann.hans@mh-hannover.de