Tissue-Engineering ist mehr als nur Gewebezüchtung

Zusammenfassung

Tissue-Engineering, die In-vitro-Züchtung bioartifizieller Gewebe, ist ein junges, multidisziplinäres wissenschaftliches Gebiet mit dem Ziel der Herstellung von Gewebe oder Organen für den Ersatz des erkrankten oder zu Grunde gegangenen Gewebes im humanen Organismus. Mit Hilfe des Tissue Engineering auf der Grundlage von Polymer- oder dezellularisierten biologischen Matrizes und körpereigenen oder körperfremden Zellen könnten in Zukunft ideale Ersatzmaterialien hergestellt werden. Zahlreiche der in vitro gezüchteten Gewebeäquivalente befinden sich bereits in der klinischen Erprobung. Die vorliegende Übersicht versucht eine Standortbestimmung über Gelungenes und Visionen aus diesem Wissenschaftsbereich an der Schwelle zum klinischen Einsatz für die Gebiete Haut, Herz, Herzklappen, Gefäße, Leber, Niere, Urogenitaltrakt und Nerven.

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a young, multidisciplinary scientific field which aims at generating bioartificial tissues in vitro to restore diseased human organs. This fledgling sector of biosciences emerged few years ago but draws scientific and public attention increasingly, as the recent accomplishments are impressive and promise alternative therapeutic concepts to replace or enhance failing human organs. Tissue engineering using either polymers or decellularised native allogeneic or xenogeneic matrices may provide the techniques to develop the ideal graft. The matrix scaffold can be seeded with cells that organise and develop into tissue prior to or following implantation. This review surveys upon recent developments in the field of in vitro tissue engineering (skin, heart, heart valves, blood vessels, liver, kidney, urogenital, and nerves), without claiming completeness, thus providing an insight into what has been attempted and what may be possible in the near future.

Schlüsselwörter

Bioreaktor - Dezellularisierung - Endothelzellbesiedlung - Gewebeersatz - Nanotechnologie - Organersatz - Tissue-Engineering

Key words

bioreactor - decellularization - endothelial cell seeding - organ replacement - nanotechnology - tissue engineering

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