Abstract
Several authors have shown that secondary hypothyroidism was programed by neonatal
thyroxine (T4) treatment. However, the associated changes of body weight (BW) were less studied,
especially those related to the body fat proportion. Here, we have evaluated the effect
of neonatal thyroxine treatment on BW, fat proportion, serum leptin, and thyroid function
of 60-day-old rats. Wistar rats were treated with thyroxine (50 μg/100 g BW, ip) (T)
or saline (S), during the first 10 days of life. BW, nose-rump length (NRL), and food
consumption were monitored for 60 days, when the animals were sacrificed. Thyroid
function was evaluated by thyroid radioiodine uptake (RAIU), serum T3, T4, TSH, and liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) and type
1 and 2 deiodinases (D1 and D2) activities, which are thyroid hormone-dependent enzymes.
T animals showed lower food intake, BW and NRL, but higher total fat mass (+33%) and
serum leptin (+46%). They also showed lower serum T3 (-23%), T4 (-32%), TSH (-36%),
RAIU (-29%) and mGPD activity (-22%). Hypothalamic and pituitary D2 activities were
higher (+24% and 1.4 fold, respectively), while brown adipose tissue (BAT) D2 and
skeletal muscle D1 activities were lower (-30% and -62%, respectively). Thus, neonatal
hyperthyroidism programs for a higher fat proportion and hyperleptinemia, which can
explain the lower food intake. The TH-dependent enzymes activities changed accordingly,
except for the decrease in BAT D2, which may be due the role played by the hyperleptinemia.
Finally, the decrease in peripheral deiodination may contribute to a lower me-tabolic
rate that may increase the adiposity.
Key words
neonatal hyperthyroidism - programing - hypothyroidism - thyroid function - leptin
- deiodinase
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Correspondence
Dr. E.G. Moura
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar
Instituto de Biologia
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Av. 28 de setembro
87- Rio de Janeiro
20550-030 Brazil
Phone: +55/21/2587 64 34
Fax: +55/21/2587 61 29
Email: egberto@pq.cnpq.br
