Zusammenfassung
Am Vergleich von 130 bevölkerungsbezogenen Erstaufnahmen von Schizophrenie, Depression
und „gesunden” Kontrollen ab Krankheitsbeginn und am Verlauf von 107 Erstepisoden
von Schizophrenie über 11,2 Jahre werden Trennbarkeit und Gemeinsamkeiten von psychotischen,
depressiven und manischen Syndromen analysiert. Depression und Schizophrenie beginnen
mit identischen, meist depressiven Prodromi. Depression bleibt häufigstes Syndrom
im Verlauf der Schizophrenie. Bei Zunahme depressiver und ängstlicher Symptome steigt,
bei Abnahme sinkt das Psychoserisiko. Depressive Syndrome sind integraler Bestandteil
der Schizophrenie. Die Diagnose Schizophrenie sollte durch ein vierdimensionales Konstrukt
mit überwiegend spezifischer Therapieindikation je Dimension ersetzt werden.
Abstract
To analyse what psychotic, depressive and manic syndromes have in common and what
separates them, we compared 130 population-based first-admission cases of schizophrenia
and depression from illness onset until first admission and 130 „healthy” controls.
We also studied 107 first-episode cases of schizophrenia over 11.2 years. Illness
onset in depression and schizophrenia is marked by identical symptoms, mostly depressive
in type. Throughout the course of schizophrenia depression is the most frequent symptom.
Psychosis risk increases when depressive and anxiety symptoms increase and decreases
when these symptoms decrease. The depressive syndrome is an integral part of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia diagnosis should be replaced by a four-dimensional construct, with each
dimension associated with a mainly specific indication for therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Schizophrenie - affektive Erkrankungen - Symptomdimensionen - dimensionale Diagnose
- Langzeitverlauf
Key words
schizophrenia - affective disorders - symptom dimensions - dimensional diagnosis -
long-term course
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1 In der vorliegenden Analyse wird die Beobachtungszeit aller Patienten auf 134 Monate
ab Aufnahme festgelegt. Diese Zeit ist durch die Verlaufsdauer bis zur ersten Nachuntersuchung,
d. h. durch den Patienten mit der kürzesten Beobachtungszeit begrenzt. In früheren
Analysen mit 136 Monaten Verlaufsdauer wurde in Kauf genommen, dass für zwei Patienten
ab Monat 135 keine Informationen mehr zur Verfügung standen.
Prof. Dr. Dr. Dres. h. c. Heinz Häfner
Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe Schizophrenieforschung, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit,
J 5
68159 Mannheim
Email: heinz.haefner@zi-mannheim.de