Zusammenfassung
Der glykämische Index (GI) eines kohlenhydrathaltigen Lebensmittels beschreibt dessen
blutzuckersteigernde Wirkung. Der GI-Wert ist aber keine feste Größe, sondern wird
maßgeblich von der Zusammensetzung, Herstellung und Zubereitung des Lebensmittels,
der Zusammensetzung der Mahlzeit und weiteren Faktoren beeinflusst, sodass der tatsächliche
Blutzuckeranstieg im Einzelfall kaum vorausgesagt werden kann. In den letzten Jahren
wurde die Bedeutung des GI bzw. der glykämischen Last (GL) für die Entwicklung von
Wohlstandserkrankungen wie Übergewicht, Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus, koronare Herzkrankheit
und Krebs untersucht. Bislang existiert lediglich eine schwache wissenschaftliche
Evidenz, dass eine Ernährung mit niedrigem GI bzw. niedriger GL vor diesen Wohlstandskrankheiten
schützt. Der postprandiale Blutglukoseanstieg ist offensichtlich nur eine von mehreren
Determinanten, die eine gesundheitsfördernde Ernährung definieren. Es erscheint daher
voreilig, der Bevölkerung den Verzicht auf Lebensmittel mit hohem GI zu empfehlen.
Abstract
The glycaemic index (GI) of a carbohydrate-containing food describes its blood-glucose
elevating action. However, the GI is not a stable feature of a food, but is considerably
modified by its processing, composition, preparation, the composition of a mixed meal
and many other factors which renders it difficult to precisely predict the actual
blood glucose increase in an individual situation. During recent years, the clinical
importance of the GI or the glycaemic load as a more quantitative index (GL) in relation
to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer
was examined. To date, there is only weak scientific evidence that a diet low in GI
and GL is able to protect from these chronic diseases. The postprandial rise in blood
glucose is obviously only one of many determinants which constitute a health-promoting
diet. At presence, there is no justification to recommend the avoidance of foods high
in GI to the general population.
Schlüsselwörter
Glykämischer Index - glykämische Last - koronare Herzkrankheit - Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus
- Adipositas - Krebs
Key words
Glycaemic index - glycaemic load - cardiovascular disease - type 2 diabetes - obesity
- cancer
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Prof. Dr. H. Hauner
Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin der Technischen Universität München
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Email: hauner@wzw.tum.de