Abstract
Background: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts are increasingly used for autologous and
allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) with the aim to hasten
neutrophil and platelet engraftment and thereby to reduce transplant-related complications
due to infections, bleeding and graft failure. Based on the paucity of data on PBSC
transplantation in children we performed a retrospective single-center analysis comparing
the outcome of children receiving mobilized PBSC from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical
sibling donors to bone marrow (BM) transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: Between 1996 and 2004, 16 children with haematologic malignancies and standard indication
for alloHSCT underwent PBSC transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors. The
outcome of these children was compared to a historic control group of 19 bone marrow
(BM) transplant recipients. Time to neutrophil engraftment, incidence of acute and
chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), relapse rate, transplant-related mortality,
event-free and overall survival were analyzed. Results: Neutrophil engraftment was achieved significantly faster after PBSC compared to BM
transplantation with a median time to neutrophil engraftment of 11 (range: 8-21) and
19 (16-44) days for the PBSC and BM cohort, respectively (p < 0.001). Two of 19 (11
%) BM recipients did not achieve primary neutrophil engraftment and both patients
died due to infectious complications. The rate of clinically significant acute GvHD
≥ grade II was higher in the PBSC compared to the BM group (75 vs. 39 %; p = 0.045).
Incidences of chronic GvHD (PBSC vs. BM: 60 vs. 44 %), death of disease (13 vs. 21
%) and death of complication (13 vs. 16 %) were comparable between both groups (p
= ns). With a median follow up of 4.7 years (PBSC) and 10.2 years (BM) overall survival
(PBSC vs. BM: 68.6 ± 13.5 vs. 63.2 ± 11.1 %; p = 0.65) and event-free survival (67.0
± 12.1 vs. 63.2 ± 11.1 %; p = 0.80) is without demonstrable difference in both groups.
Conclusions: Transplantation of PBSC compared to BM is associated with faster neutrophil engraftment
and a higher rate of ≥ grade II acute GvHD. As overall survival and event-free survival
is similar when using PBSC and BM, PBSC is an alternative stem cell source for HLA-identical
sibling transplantation. Further prospective analyses with higher number of patients
stratified according to well established risk factors are required to define the precise
role of both stem cell sources for children with haematologic malignancies.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Periphere Blutstammzellen (PBSZ) werden zunehmend zur autologen und allogenen hämatopoetischen
Stammzelltransplantation (alloSZT) eingesetzt, um ein rascheres leukozytäres und thrombozytäres
Engraftment und damit eine Reduktion transplantationsbedingter Komplikationen wie
Infektionen, Blutungen und Transplantatabstoßungen zu erreichen. Da bisher wenige
Daten zum Einsatz von allogenen PBSZ bei Kindern vorliegen, wurde in einer retrospektiven
monozentrischen Untersuchung das Ergebnis der PBSZ-Transplantation von HLA-identischen
Geschwisterkindern mit dem der Knochenmark (KM)-Transplantation verglichen. Patienten
und Methoden: In den Jahren 1996 bis 2004 erhielten 16 Kinder mit malignen hämatologischen
Erkrankungen und einer Standardindikation für eine alloSZT eine PBSZ-Transplantation
von einem HLA-identischen Geschwisterkind. Der klinische Verlauf dieser Kinder wurde
mit dem einer historischen Kontrollgruppe von 19 Kindern verglichen, die eine HLA-identische
KM-Transplantation erhalten haben. Auswertungsparameter waren die Zeit bis zum Engraftment
der Leukozyten, die Inzidenz und Ausprägung von akuter und chronischer Spender-gegen-Empfänger-Erkrankung
(GvHD), die Rückfallrate, die transplantationsbedingte Mortalität sowie das ereignisfreie
Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben. Ergebnisse: Das leukozytäre Engraftment wurde nach einer PBSZ-Transplantation signifikant schneller
erreicht als nach einer KM-Transplantation, die mediane Zeit bis zum Anwachsen der
Granulozyten betrug 11 (Spannweite: 8-21) Tage in der PBSZ-Gruppe und 19 (16-44) Tage
in der KM-Gruppe (p < 0,001). Bei zwei (11 %) der KM-Empfänger kam es zu keinem leukozytären
Engraftment, beide Patienten sind aufgrund schwerer Infektionen verstorben. Die Inzidenz
klinisch-relevanter, akuter GvHD ≥ Grad 2 war in der PBSZ-Gruppe signifikant höher
als in der KM-Gruppe (75 vs. 39 %; p = 0,045). Die Inzidenz chronischer GvHD (PBSZ
vs. KM: 60 vs. 44 %), krankheitsbedingter Todesfälle (13 vs. 21 %) und transplantationsbedingter
Todesfälle (13 vs. 16 %) war in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar (p = ns). Nach einer medianen
Beobachtungsdauer von 4,7 Jahren (PBSZ-Gruppe) bzw. 10,2 Jahren (KM-Gruppe) zeigt
sich in beiden Gruppen ein ähnliches Gesamtüberleben (PBSZ vs. KM: 68,6 ± 13,5 vs.
63,2 ± 11,1 %; p = 0,65) und ereignisfreies Überleben (67,0 ± 12,1 vs. 63,2 ± 11,1
%; p = 0,80). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Transplantation von PBSZ führt im Vergleich zur KM-Transplantation zu einem schnelleren
leukozytären Engraftment, jedoch gleichzeitig zu einer höheren Rate an klinisch relevanter,
akuter GvHD. Aufgrund des ähnlichen Gesamtüberlebens und ereignisfreien Überlebens
stellt die PBSZ-Transplantation eine Alternative zur Knochenmarktransplantation von
HLA-identischen Geschwisterkindern dar. Zur genaueren Bestimmung der Wertigkeit der
beiden Stammzellquellen für die alloSZT bei Kindern sind weiterführende prospektive
Untersuchungen erforderlich, die neben höheren Patientenzahlen auch eine Stratifizierung
der Kinder entsprechend der bekannten Risikofaktoren beinhalten müssen.
Key words
allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation - bone marrow transplantation
- peripheral blood stem cell transplantation - haematologic malignancy - children
Schlüsselwörter
allogene hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation - Knochenmarktransplantation - periphere
Blutstammzelltransplantation - hämatologische Neoplasie - Kinder
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Dr. Roland Meisel
Klinik für Kinder-Onkologie, -Hämatologie und -Immunologie · Zentrum für Kinder- und
Jugendmedizin · Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Moorenstraße 5
40225 Düsseldorf
Phone: +49/2 11/8 11 89 07
Fax: +49/2 11/8 11 60 90
Email: meisel@med.uni-duesseldorf.de