Zusammenfassung
Die bei steigender Prävalenz zunehmende Bedeutung demenzieller Erkrankungen schlägt
sich auch in den Bemühungen nieder, deren Symptomatik mittels standardisierter Untersuchungen
zu erfassen. Um der in den vergangenen Jahren vielfach erweiterten Palette an Instrumenten
gerecht zu werden, sind hier über 50 ältere und neuere Verfahren berücksichtigt, die
zur Erfassung der Demenz entwickelt wurden. Die Einteilung dieser Skalen, welche im
Einzelnen beschrieben und insbesondere im Hinblick auf Validitäts- und Reliabilitäts-
sowie zeitökonomische Kriterien bewertet wurden, erfolgte nach ihrem jeweils wichtigsten
Bestimmungstyp. Dazu wurden sieben Gruppierungen gewählt, deren Funktion im Hinblick
auf den Verwendungsschwerpunkt dieses Skalentyps erläutert wird. Abschließend wird
eine Orientierungshilfe zur Auswahl von Testinstrumenten bei spezifischen Fragestellungen
der Alzheimer Demenz und ein Ausblick über die absehbare Entwicklung neuer standardisierter
Erhebungsverfahren gegeben.
Abstract
The symptoms of dementia refer to a decline in intellectual abilities and to an impairment
of general and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL). Beside cognitive decline
and loss of ADL's the diagnosis of dementia requires the documentation of changes
in social adaptation, psychopathology and behaviour. There are a large number of scales
used in the assessment of the various manifestations of the disease. Some scales focus
on a particular aspect of the symptomatology, others prefer a comprehensive approach
in the detection of dementia symptoms. We present a list of assessment procedures
and scales which seem appropriate to detect different aspects of dementia and which
are widely accepted in the scientific community. We describe these scales in detail
including their methodology and source of informations, psychometric properties regarding
validity and reliability as well as time taken to complete the scales. Our synopsis
may serve as an orientation mark in the selection of adequate instruments for the
assessment of different symptom domains during the process of diagnosis, the observation
of the course of dementia and the efficacy of treatment interventions.
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Prof. Dr. M. Rösler
Institut für Gerichtliche Psychologie und Psychiatrie · Universität des Saarlandes
66421 Homburg
