Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin, Table of Contents Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2003; 28: 42-50DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36937 Intensivmedizin© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New YorkDGEM-Leitlinie Enterale Ernährung:IntensivmedizinDGEM Guidelines Enteral Nutrition: Intensive CareG. Kreymann1 , C. Ebener2 , W. Hartl3 , C. von Heymann4 , C. Spies4 1Innere Medizin, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf 2Intensivstation Klinik für Allgemeine u. Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Düsseldorf 3Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Großhadern, München 4Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Berlin Recommend Article Abstract Buy Article Schlüsselwörter Sondenernährung - Intensivtherapie - Immunonutrition - Mangelernährung - Katabolie - Prognose Key words Enteral nutrition - intensive care - immunonutrition - malnutrition - catabolism - prognosis Full Text References Literatur 1 Sandstrom R, Drott C, Hyltander A. et al . The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study. Ann Surg. 1993; 217 185-195 2 Lewis S J, Egger M, Sylvester P A, Thomas S. Early enteral feeding versus „nil by mouth” after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. BMJ. 2001; 323 773-776 3 Marik P E, Zaloga G P. Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2001; 29 2264-2270 4 Zaloga G P. Early enteral nutritional support improves outcome: hypothesis or fact?. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27 259-261 5 Heyland D K. Nutritional support in the critically ill patients. A critical review of the evidence. Crit Care Clin. 1998; 14 423-440 6 Zaloga G P. Immune-enhancing enteral diets: where's the beef?. Crit Care Med. 1998; 26 143-146 7 Moore F A, Moore E E, Jones T N, McCroskey B L, Peterson V M. TEN versus TPN following major abdominal trauma-reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma. 1989; 29 916-922 8 Grahm T W, Zadrozny D B, Harrington T. The benefits of early jejunal hyperalimentation in the head-injured patient. Neurosurgery. 1989; 25 729-735 9 Chiarelli A, Enzi G, Casadei A, Baggio B, Valerio A, Mazzoleni F. Very early nutrition supplementation in burned patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 51 1035-1039 10 Eyer S D, Micon L T, Konstantinides F N, Edlund D A, Rooney K A, Luxenberg M G, Cerra F B. Early enteral feeding does not attenuate metabolic response after blunt trauma. J Trauma. 1993; 34 639-643 11 Moore F A, Feliciano D V, Andrassy R J. et al . Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 1992; 216 172-183 12 Kudsk K A, Croce M A, Fabian T C. et al . Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg. 1992; 215 503-511 13 Hasse J M, Blue L S, Liepa G U. et al . Early enteral nutrition support in patients undergoing liver transplantation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995; 19 437-443 14 Singh G, Ram R P, Khanna S K. Early postoperative enteral feeding in patients with nontraumatic intestinal perforation and peritonitis. J Am Coll Surg. 1998; 187 142-146 15 Braunschweig C L, Levy P, Sheean P M, Wang X. Enteral compared with parenteral nutrition: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74 534-542 16 Lipman T O. Grains or veins: is enteral nutrition really better than parenteral nutrition? A look at the evidence. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998; 22 167-182 17 Borzotta A P, Pennings J, Papasadero B. et al . Enteral versus parenteral nutrition after severe closed head injury. J Trauma. 1994; 37 459-468 18 Wicks C, Somasundaram S, Bjarnason I. et al . Comparison of enteral feeding and total parenteral nutrition after liver transplantation. Lancet. 1994; 344 837-840 19 Cerra F B, McPherson J P, Konstantinides F N, Konstantinides N N, Teasley K M. Enteral nutrition does not prevent multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) after sepsis. Surgery. 1988; 104 727-733 20 Adams S, Dellinger E P, Wertz M J, Oreskovich M R, Simonowitz D, Johansen K. Enteral versus parenteral nutritional support following laparotomy for trauma: a randomized prospective trial. J Trauma. 1986; 26 882-891 21 Hadley M N, Grahm T W, Harrington T, Schiller W R, McDermott M K, Posillico D B. Nutritional support and neurotrauma: a critical review of early nutrition in forty-five acute head injury patients. Neurosurgery. 1986; 19 367-373 22 Heyland D K, Novak F, Drover J W, Jain M, Su X, Suchner U. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA. 2001; 286 944-953 23 Beale R J, Bryg D J, Bihari D J. Immunonutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review of clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27 2799-2805 24 Heys S D, Walker L G, Smith I, Eremin O. Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Ann Surg. 1999; 229 467-477 25 Bower R H, Cerra F B, Bershadsky B. et al . Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 1995; 23 436-449 26 Atkinson S, Sieffert E, Bihari D. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of enteral immunonutrition in the critically ill. Guy's Hospital Intensive Care Group. Crit Care Med. 1998; 26 1164-1172 27 Galban C, Montejo J C, Mesejo A. et al . An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 2000; 28 643-648 28 Gadek J E, DeMichele S J, Karlstad M D. et al . Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Enteral Nutrition in ARDS Study Group. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27 1409-1420 29 Gottschlich M M, Jenkins M, Warden G D. et al . Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990; 14 225-236 30 Saffle J R, Wiebke G, Jennings K, Morris S E, Barton R G. Randomized trial of immune-enhancing enteral nutrition in burn patients. J Trauma. 1997; 42 793-800 Prof. Dr. med. Georg Kreymann Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraße 52 20251 Hamburg Email: kreymann@uke.uni-hamburg.de