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Laryngorhinootologie 2002; 81(9): 649-658
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34451
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34451
Historie
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New YorkDie historische Entwicklung der Cochlea-Implantate - von Volta bis zur mehrkanaligen intracochleären Stimulation
The History of Cochlear Implantation: From Volta to Multichannel-Intracochlear StimulationFurther Information
Publication History
Eingegangen: 29. Februar 2000
Angenommen: 15. Januar 2002
Publication Date:
01 October 2002 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Seit der Consensus Conference 1995 ist das Cochlear Implant (CI) als Methode der Wahl bei cochleäer Taubheit etabliert. Mit Hilfe des CI ist es erstmals möglich, den auditiven Sinneskanal nach dem Funktionsverlust des Perzeptionsorganes wieder zu nutzen. Weltweit tragen heute mehr als 30 000 Patienten ein CI. Mittlerweile erscheint es bereits selbstverständlich, die Therapie mit Innenohrimplantaten in das Spektrum der HNO-ärztlichen Behandlung als eine Standardtherapie einzubeziehen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir die historische Entwicklung des CI detailliert zusammengestellt - von den ersten Pionierversuchen über akustische Wahrnehmungen durch elektrische Reizung bis hin zum offenen Sprachverstehen mittels intracochleärer Stimulation -, um aufzuzeigen, welche Forschungsleistungen erbracht werden mussten, um Cochlear Implantate zu einer klinisch einsetzbaren Methode zu entwickeln. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die kontrovers gebliebene Frage der Vermeidung intracochleärer Schädigung durch die Stimulationselektroden gelegt.
Schlüsselwörter
Cochlear Implant - Historische Entwicklung - Taubheit - Stimulationselektroden - intracochleäre Schädigung
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