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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-19026
Interventionelle ERCP bei Patienten mit Cholestase: Häufigkeit und Antibiotikaresistenz der biliären Keimbesiedlung
Interventional ERCP in patients with cholestasis. Degree of biliary bacterial colonization and antibiotic resistancePublication History
22.3.2001
13.8.2001
Publication Date:
17 December 2001 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die biliäre Obstruktion im Zusammenspiel mit einer biliären Keimbesiedlung kann zur akuten Cholangitis führen. Ziel unserer prospektiven Studie war es, die biliäre Keimbesiedlung mittels Gallesaftaspiration während der ERCP bei Patienten mit Cholestase zu untersuchen und ein antibiotisches Therapieregime aufgrund des Keimspektrums und der Resistenzsituation zu evaluieren. Zudem erfolgte die Analyse von Risikomerkmalen, die für das Auftreten einer Cholangitis prädisponieren.
80 Patienten mit Cholestase wurden in die Studie integriert. Es erfolgten die kulturelle Keimanzüchtung der Galle und die Bestimmung der Keimzahl pro Milliliter. Die minimale Hemmkonzentration für Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin, Ampicillin, Ceftriaxon, Imipenem, Gentamycin und Metronidazol wurde bestimmt. Nach Beendigung der ERCP und bei jeder nachfolgenden Körpertemperaturerhöhung über 38 ° C wurden Blutkulturen entnommen.
45 (56 %) Patienten wiesen eine biliäre Keimbesiedlung auf (Monoinfektion 25 %; Mischinfektion 31 %). Häufige Keime waren Escherichia coli, Enterokokken und Klebsiellen. Die Rate obligat aneraober Keime lag bei 9,6 %.
Bei 9 von 80 Patienten fanden sich positive Blutkulturen (Bakteriämierate: 11,3 %).
10 Patienten wiesen vor ERCP Zeichen einer akuten Cholangitis auf, 13 Patienten entwickelten nach ERCP zunehmende Infektzeichen.
Risikofaktoren für die Ausbildung einer Cholangitis waren Alter, klinischer Zustand der Patienten vor ERCP und die biliäre Keimdichte.
Die angezüchteten Bakterien zeigten bei Imipenem (4,5 %) oder Levofloxacin (2,2 %) die niedrigste Rate einer In-vitro-Resistenz.
Eine antibiotische Therapie mit Levofloxacin in Kombination mit einem anaerob wirksamen Antibiotikum ist in diesen Fällen anhand der In-vitro-Testungen zu empfehlen und sollte als kalkulierte Therapie für eine Primärtherapie erwogen werden.
Interventional ERCP in patients with cholestasis. Degree of biliary bacterial colonization and antibiotic resistance
Biliary obstruction together with bacterial colonization of the bile duct may lead to development of acute cholangitis. The aim of our prospective study was to investigate the presence and degree of biliary bacterial colonization by means of bile aspiration during ERCP in patients with biliary obstruction. Furthermore, we evaluated antibiotic therapy regimens, which would cover the bacterial species obtained by ERCP and subsequent culture in each patient. In addition, analysis of risk factors was performed that would predispose to the development of cholangitis.
80 patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of biliary obstruction underwent ERCP with initial aspiration of bile via the cannulation catheter.
This material was used to culture aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and determine the colony count/ml bile, followed by identification of each species and antibiotic resistence testing. The minimal inhibitory concentration for Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin, Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Gentamycin und Metronidazole was determined. Immediately after the ERCP or if the body temperature (after ERCP) rose to > 38 °C blood cultures were obtained.
In 45 (56 %) patients biliary colonization with bacteria could be identified (56 %). In 20 patients a single isolate was cultured, in 25 cases mixed infection was present. A total of 83 species were isolated. The most common bacteria were E. coli, Enterococcus and Klebsiella. 9.6 % of all isolates were obligatory anaerobes. In 9 of 80 patients bloodcultures tested positive for bacterial growth (rate of bacteremia: 11.3 %). 10 patients had acute cholangitis clinically before ERCP, 13 patients developed signs of infection after ERCP.
Statistically significant factors contributing to the risk of infection were age of the patient, the clinical condition of the patient before ERCP and the biliary colony count.
Patients with development of infection after ERCP showed a significantly higher incidence of bacterial colonization of the biliary tree and a higher colony count.
In all bacterial species Imipenem (4.5 %) or Levofloxacin (2.2 %) exhibited the lowest rate of in-vitro resistance.
Based on these data, the implementation of Levofloxacin in combination with anaerobic coverage is advantageous as a calculated therapy for patients with acute cholangitis.
Schlüsselwörter
ERCP - Cholangitis - Antibiotische Therapie - Biliäre Keimbesiedlung
Key words
ERCP - Cholangitis - Antibiotic Therapy - Biliary Colonization
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Dr. med. Ralf Kießlich
I. Med. Klinik und PoliklinikJohannes-Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz
Langenbeckstraße 1
55131 Mainz
Email: KiesslichR@aol.com