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Erfahrungsheilkunde 2001; 50(10): 626-633
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18110
Originalia

Karl F. Haug Verlag, in: MVH Medizinverlage Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG

Serologische Untersuchungen in der Aspergillus-Diagnostik

Wolfgang Bayer
  • Laboratorium für spektralanalytische und biologische Untersuchungen Dr. Bayer GmbH
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Publication History

Publication Date:
30 October 2001 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Schimmelpilze der Gattung Aspergillus kommen in unserer Umwelt ubiquitär vor und werden über Conidien, die auf Luftmycelien entlassen werden, verbreitet, wobei die Aufnahme primär inhalativ erfolgt. Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus ist klinisch besonders bedeutsam und Ursache der meisten aspergillusabhängigen Erkrankungen. A. fumigatus und andere humanpathogene Aspergillen können eine ganze Reihe von Erkrankungen auslösen. Beim nicht-immunkompromittierten Wirt stehen allergische Manifestationen im Vordergrund, während immunkompromittierte Patienten häufig schwere, nicht selten fulminant verlaufende Aspergillosen mit hoher Letalitätsrate entwickeln können.

Humorale Immunreaktionen gegen Aspergillen können durch etablierte serologische Teste nachgewiesen werden, wobei in den letzten Jahren ELISA-Teste in den Vordergrund getreten sind. Diese Übersicht behandelt die antigenen Strukturen von Aspergillen, spezifische Antikörperreaktionen bei verschiedenen aspergillusabhängigen Erkrankungen sowie die Bedeutung der Bestimmung von Aspergillus-Antigenen wie Galaktomannan. Die Wertigkeit dieser serologischen Untersuchungen wird am Beispiel verschiedener Erkrankungen dargestellt, wie invasive Aspergillosen, Aspergillom und allergische Manifestationen wie Asthma, allergische Alveolitis und allergische bronchopulmonale Aspergillose.

Abstract

The fungus aspergillus is ubiquitous in our environment and disseminated by airborne conidia that are inhaled. Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for most cases of aspergillus related disorders. A. fumigatus and other species of the genius aspergillus can cause various clinical disorders. In the normal host allergic manifestations are of utmost importance, while immunocompromised patients may develop severe forms of infections, e.g. disseminated aspergillosis. Such infections are usually fulminant and the fatality rate is high.

Humoral immune responses to aspergillus can be detected by different well established serological tests. This review considers the antigenic structure of aspergillus, specific IgA, IgG and IgM responses in different aspergillus related disorders as well as the importance of detecting aspergillus galactomanan antigen. The significance of serological tests is discussed for patients with invasive aspergillosis, aspergilloma and allergic manifestations of aspergillosis.

Schlüsselwörter

Schimmelpilze - Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus - humanpathogene Aspergillen - ELISA-Teste - Galaktomannan - invasive Aspergillosen - Asthma - allergische Alveolitis - bronchopulmonale Aspergillose.

Keywords

Mold fungi - Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus - human pathogenic aspergilli - ELISA tests - galactomannan - invasive aspergillosis - asthma - allergic alveolitis - bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

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Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Bayer

Laboratorium für spektralanalytische und biologische Untersuchungen Dr. Bayer GmbH

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