Zusammenfassung
Die gynäkologische Zytologie hat sich seit Papanicolaou mehrere Jahrzehnte kaum geändert.
Erst in den letzten Jahren wurde ihre Effizienz in allen Richtungen hinterfragt. Der
Qualitätssicherung wird zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, erste Maßnahmen wurden
auf nationaler Ebene gesetzt. Dazu gehören auch Verbesserungen der Materialgewinnung,
der Präparation, der Analyse und Dokumentation, wie z. B. der Einsatz der EDV in der
Administration, Alternativen zur konventionellen Präparatherstellung (Dünnschichtmethoden),
Systeme zur Kontrolle des Screeningvorganges, sowie die Entwicklung zum Teil bereits
serienreifer Screeningautomaten.
Große Beachtung wird im Moment auch der humanen Papillomavirus (HPV)-Typisierung als
Ergänzung der traditionellen Zervixzytologie geschenkt. Wenn in Zukunft eine prophylaktische
oder eine therapeutische Impfung als kausale Therapien der Zervixdysplasie im Sinne
einer Behandlung der HPV-Infektion entwickelt sind, wird die HPV-Typisierung weiter
an Bedeutung gewinnen.
Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt ist der konventionelle Abstrich nach Papanicolaou nach
wir vor die effektivste Methode zur Erkennung des Zervixkarzinoms und seiner Vorstufen.
Summary
Gynecologic cytology has remained nearly unchanged since its introduction by Papanicolaou
several decades ago. But in this last years, its efficiency has been discussed. Quality
control has become more important, first measures were set on national level, including
sampling of material, preparation (including thin layer methods), analysis, documentation,
and also development of screening automats.
Great attention is also paid to human papillomvirus (HPV) typing as addition to traditional
cytology. When HPV-vaccines as causal therapy of cervical dysplasia will be available
in the future, the importance of HPV-typing will increase.
At the moment, traditional cervical cytology according to Papanicolaou is still the
most effective way of diagnosing cervical cancer and its precursor lesions.
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Dr. Univ.-Prof. G. Breitenecker
Universität Wien
Institut für Klinische Pathologie
Abteilung für Gynäkopathologie und Zytologie
Währinger Gürtel 18 - 20
EBO 6 Q
1090 Wien
Österreich
Email: gerhard.breitenecker@akh-wien.ac.at