Zusammenfassung:
Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) gilt als schwerwiegendes psychiatrisches
Störungsbild mit oft sehr heterogener Symptomatik. Obwohl psychotherapeutische Behandlungsverfahren
derzeit im Zentrum der Interventionsmöglichkeiten stehen, erfordern schwerwiegende
psychopathologische Symptome wie unkontrollierbare Impulsivität, depressive, dissoziative
oder psychotische Symptomatik häufig den Einsatz von Psychopharmaka. Herkömmliche
Übersichtsarbeiten zur Pharmakotherapie der BPS gliederten sich in der Regel nach
Substanzgruppen. In dieser Arbeit wird die Literatur nach den klinisch relevanten
Symptomgruppen depressive Symptomatik, Störungen der Affektregulation, Fremdaggressivität,
Impulsivität, dissoziative Symptomatik, Selbstverletzungen, Suizidalität, psychotische
und pseudopsychotische Symptomatik, Angst, Zwang und Schlafstörungen gegliedert dargestellt.
Diese kritische Übersicht würdigt die Relevanz der Studienergebnisse anhand der jeweiligen
statistischen Signifikanz. Im Anschluss daran werden aus der Datenlage abgeleitete
Therapieempfehlungen zur Pharmakotherapie der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung gegeben:
So sollten etwa komorbide depressive Episoden möglichst mit einem Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer
behandelt werden. Auch bei impulsivem und aggressivem Verhalten konnte die Wirksamkeit
von Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmern nachgewiesen werden. Bei intermittierender psychotischer
Symptomatik sollte auf ein atypisches Neuroleptikum zurückgegriffen werden. Die Behandlung
mit Benzodiazepinen ist als obsolet anzusehen.
Symptom-Focussed Pharmacotherapy in Borderline Personality Disorder:
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a common and serious psychiatric illness.
Psychopathological symptoms often are heterogenous and difficult to influence. Psychotherapy
stands in the core of treatment efforts. However, during the treatment of these patients
often situations occur that make the use of drug treatment necessary. Symptoms such
as depression, impulsivity, or dissociation can be difficult to deal with in this
population. There appears to be no treatment of choice for the disorder as a whole.
Reviews so far have organized the literature by groups of pharmacological agents.
In this review we give an overview over psychopathological symptoms in BPD, i.e. depression,
affective dysregulation, aggression, impulsivity, dissociation, self-injuries, suicidality,
psychotic symptoms, anxiety, obsessions and compulsions, and sleep disturbance. Effectivity
of different drugs in influencing these symptoms is presented and significances of
findings are used to assess the relevance of these findings. We conclude that certain
symptoms such as depression or impulsivity can be successfully treated. Serotonin
reuptake inhibitors play a decisive role in pharmacological treatment of Borderline
Personality Disorder. Finally, recommendations for effective drug treatment of BPD
symptoms are presented. Comorbid depression should be treated with Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors. These substances could also be shown to be effective in the treatment
of impulsive and aggressive behavior. Intermittent psychotic symptoms are a target
for atypical neuroleptics. Benzodiazepines are no longer viewed to be useful in the
treatment of BPD.
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Dr. med. Christian Schmahl
Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychosomatik Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie mit Poliklinik
Hauptstraße 5
79104 Freiburg
eMail: E-mail: christian_schmahl@psyallg.ukl.uni-freiburg.de