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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10701
Chirurgische Therapie
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
31. Dezember 2001 (online)

Indikation zur Notfalloperation
Konsens
Die freie oder gedeckte Perforation in die Bauchhöhle, das Retroperitoneum oder den Beckenboden stellt eine Notfallindikation dar, sobald der Patient, ggf. durch intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen, in narkosefähigem Zustand ist (C).
Gleiches gilt für die vital bedrohliche Blutung trotz maximaler konservativer Therapie (C).
Erläuterung
Die freie oder gedeckte Perforation ist die schwerste Komplikation der toxischen Verlaufsform der Colitis ulcerosa. Die klinische Symptomatik wird durch die bestehende Immunsuppression und/oder Kortikoidmedikation häufig larviert. Trotz Operation beträgt die Mortalität derzeit bis zu 20 %, im Gegensatz zu 4 % bei toxischer Dilatation, aber noch nicht eingetretener Perforation. In der Hälfte der Fälle geht der Perforation jedoch kein Megakolon voraus. Um die Mortalität dieser schwersten Komplikation zu senken, stellt die rechtzeitige Operation die entscheidende Maßnahme dar [1 5].
Die Inzidenz der schweren Blutung beträgt bis zu 4,5 %. Sie ist jedoch verantwortlich für ca. 10 % der Notfalleingriffe [2 7].
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