11.361 sports injuries in a 15-year survey of a Level I emergency trauma department reveal different severe injury types in the 6 most common team sports

Abstract

Introduction Severe sports-related injuries are a common affliction treated in Level I trauma departments. Detailed knowledge on injury characteristics from different medical settings is essential to improve the development of injury prevention strategies in different team sports.

Methods Team sport injuries were retrospectively analysed in a Level I trauma department registry over 15 years. Injury and treatment data were compared with regard to competition and training exposure. Injury data such as “time of visitation”, “type of injury”, “multiple injured body regions” and “immediate hospitalisation” helped to define the severity level of each team sports injury.

Results At the Level I trauma department, 11.361 sports-related injuries were seen over 15 years, of which 34.0 % were sustained during team sports. Soccer injuries were the most common injuries of all team sports (71.4 %). The lower extremity was the most affected body region overall, followed by the upper extremity. Head injuries were mainly seen in Ice hockey and American football and concussion additionally frequently in team handball. Slight injuries like sprains or contusions occurred most frequently in all team sports. In soccer and team handball, injuries sustained in competition were significantly more severe (p < 0.001) than those sustained in practice.

Volleyball and basketball had a trend to higher rate of severe injuries sustained during practice sessions.

Conclusion Depending on the specific injury profile of each team sports, injury prevention strategies should address competitive as well as training situations, which

may need different strategies.

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Schwere, sportbezogene Verletzungen werden häufig in Level-1-Traumazentren behandelt. Die Entwicklung besserer Strategien zur Verletzungsprävention in unterschiedlichen Teamsportarten erfordert detaillierte Kenntnisse der Verletzungscharakteristika aus verschiedenen medizinischen Bereichen.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse der Teamsportverletzungen im Register eines Level-1-Traumazentrums über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren. Die Verletzungs- und Behandlungsdaten wurden im Hinblick auf die Wettkampf- und Trainingsexposition verglichen. Mithilfe verletzungsbezogener Daten wie Besuchszeitpunkt, Verletzungsart, Körperregionen mit multiplen Verletzungen und unmittelbare stationäre Aufnahme konnte der Schweregrad jeder Teamsportverletzung definiert werden.

Ergebnisse In diesem Level-I-Traumazentrum wurden in 15 Jahren 11 361 sportbezogene Verletzungen behandelt, von denen sich 34,0 % bei einem Teamsport ereigneten. Von allen Teamsportarten war die Verletzungsquote beim Fußball am höchsten (71,4 %). Die untere Extremität war die insgesamt am meisten betroffene Körperregion, gefolgt von der oberen Extremität. Kopfverletzungen wurden vorwiegend im Eishockey und American Football beobachtet, Gehirnerschütterungen darüber hinaus auch häufig im Handball. Bei allen Teamsportarten kam es am häufigsten zu leichten Verletzungen wie Verstauchungen oder Prellungen. Beim Fußball und Handball traten im Wettkampf deutlich schwerer ausgeprägte Verletzungen auf (p < 0,001) als während des Trainings. Beim Volleyball und Basketball zeigte sich tendenziell eine höhere Rate schwerer trainingsbedingter Verletzungen.

Schlussfolgerung In Abhängigkeit der speziellen Verletzungsprofile der einzelnen Teamsportarten sollten Strategien zur Verletzungsprävention sowohl auf Wettkampf- als auch auf Trainingssituationen ausgerichtet sein. Unter Umständen sind hier jeweils unterschiedliche Strategien erforderlich.

Key words

injury - team sports - football - emergency department - injury severity - injury prevention

Schlüsselwörter

Verletzung - Teamsportarten - Fußball - Notaufnahme - Schweregrad der Verletzung - Verletzungsprävention

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