Utilizing 3D Printing and Patient-Specific Guides for Canine Patellar Groove Replacement: A Clinical Study

Introduction: Patellar groove replacement (PGR) is a partial joint replacement of the femoropatellar groove, often due to advanced osteoarthritis and severe patellar luxation. Patient-specific 3D-printed surgical guides enhance procedural planning by tailoring to a patient’s anatomy to improve surgical accuracy and clinical outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of these guides in PGR procedures.

Materials and Methods: Medical records of 15 PGR cases utilizing 3D planning and printing between July 1, 2018, and September 1, 2024, were reviewed. Outcomes included clinical assessments, radiographic rechecks, surgical and postoperative complications, and surgeon-based reviews.

Results: Concurrent corrective procedures were performed in 13/15 cases including distal femoral ostectomy (13/15), tibial correction (5/15), and tibial plateau levelling osteotomies (2/15). Prior femoropatellar corrective treatments were performed in 3/15 patients. The mean absolute difference between the Kyon-recommended femoral ostectomy angle and the computer-planned angle was 2.23 degrees. No intraoperative complications were reported. Surgical site infection necessitated implant removal in 3/15 cases: one DFO, one tibial, one PGR and one DFO. PGR implant repositioning was required in 1/15 cases. All patients had patellar stability at the final recheck, with 14/15 demonstrating improved or stable lameness. Surveys indicated all surgeons found the guides user-friendly and enhanced ease of surgery.

Discussion/Conclusion: This study indicates that patient-specific 3D cutting guides for PGR produce favourable outcomes without the introduction of novel complications. Of the major postoperative complications appreciated in our study, only one was attributed to PGR implant positioning. The findings suggest the guides improve surgeon accuracy, safety, and satisfaction.

Acknowledgment

The authors are owners of the company providing the patient-specific guides. The surgeons sought out the company independently for individual cases.

 

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Publication History

Article published online:
15 July 2025