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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1807660
Evaluation of molecular analyses of radiation induced sarcomas
Background: Radiation induced sarcomas (RIS) are ultra-rare yet aggressive secondary malignancies arising after radiation treatment of a primary tumour. Although knowledge of their molecular characteristics is still limited, molecular markers such as MYC amplifications can be useful to guide diagnosis, and molecular features are getting increasingly relevant to advance personalized treatments and improve outcome. This review provides an overview of currently available molecular data on RIS to improve diagnosis and targeted treatment of RIS.
Material and Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Databases were searched for relevant RIS publications. Next, the search was further narrowed down to the topic of molecular data. Forty-four publications published between 1990 and 2024 were included in this review.
Results: Radiation induced Angiosarcoma was the most common histological subtype followed by osteosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. MYC amplification was by far the most frequently identified molecular alteration, reported in 75 to 100% of analysed tumors, across different cohorts, and was particularly enriched in RI angiosarcomas. Furthermore, multiple studies reported CDKN2A/B losses, TP53inactivating mutations, and FLT4 amplifications as recurrent genomic features of RIS. Other molecular findings associated with specific histologies were NF1 losses in RIS-malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors or FGFR1amplifications in RI-osteosarcomas.
Conclusion: Despite the increasing knowledge of the molecular landscape of RIS, diagnostic, prognostic and in particular therapeutic impact of specific molecular markers still needs to be determined. Platforms such the DKFZ/NCT/DKTK MASTER program which employs multiomics tumor characterisation, are highly relevant to address these questions.
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Publication History
Article published online:
04 June 2025
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