Standard techniques used for elevating nasoseptal flap and sphenoidotomy. Parasellar
and paraclival carotid exposure. Clivus is drilled and dura opened. Arachnoid dissection
performed. Neuro-stimulation used to identify safe entry point into pons as well as
visualizing abnormal discoloration of pons surface. Small opening is gradually expanded
preserving surround vasculature. Internal tumor debulking and circumferential dissection
and tumor removal. Hemostasis and multilayer closure.
