EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ADMITTED FOR GASTRIC CANCER IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO

Keywords:

gastric cancer - adenocarcinoma - epidemiological profile

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death in the world, being more common in less developed countries. Its development is associated with genetic factors, a diet rich in processed foods and/or salt and low in vegetables, smoking, alcoholism, and infection by Helicobacter Pylori. Among the GC histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma accounts for about 95% of cases. Other histological subtypes, such as lymphomas, sarcomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), can also occur. Regarding the epidemiological profile, according to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), stomach adenocarcinoma affects mostly men around 60-70 years old. The 2019 Cancer Mortality Atlas showed that the mortality rate from GC is higher in men, and reaches the highest values after 60 years. Objective: Evaluate the epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients for GC in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2017 to 2020. Methods: This is a descriptive study using secondary data regarding hospitalizations for GC in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), from January 2017 to December 2020. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) and the variables used were: sex, age group and mortality rate for every 100 admissions. The Microsoft Excel program was used for data tabulation and analysis. Results: Data from the admission of 2984 patients were identified. Regarding gender, 55.66% (n=1661) of the patients were male and 44.34% (n = 1323) were female. The age groups with the highest number of admissions were 60-69 years (32.14% ; n=959) and 50-59 years (23.43% ; n=699) and those with the lowest number of admissions were 15-19 years (0.03%, n=1) and under 1 year (0.17%; n=5). During the study period, the mortality rate was 28.12%, being 29.38% in males and 26.53% in females. The highest mortality rate was found in the following age groups: 80 years or more (37.77%), 70-79 years (34.54%) and 60-69 years (27.95%), while the lowest rates were found in the ranges: under 1 year (20.0%), 20-29 years (21.43%) and 30-39 years (14.88%). Conclusion: A higher number of hospitalized patients and a higher mortality rate were observed in male admissions. It was evident that the age groups with the highest number of hospitalizations were the older ages, and they were also the age groups with the highest mortality rate. The need for greater detailing of GC histological subtypes in the recording of data in the SIH/SUS is noteworthy, as each one has a distinct behavior and epidemiological profile.

 

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Artikel online veröffentlicht:
17. November 2021