Effect of Antibiotics and Gut Microbiota on the Development of Sepsis in Children with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

Daniela Potes; Iván Darío Benavides; Nelson Rivera-Franco; Carlos A. Portilla; Oscar Ramirez; Andrés Castillo; Eduardo López-Medina

doi:10.1055/s-0043-57249

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Table of Contents

J Pediatr Infect Dis 2023; 18(04): 186-192
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57249

Original Article

Effect of Antibiotics and Gut Microbiota on the Development of Sepsis in Children with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

Daniela Potes^*

¹TAO-Lab/CiBioFi Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

,

Iván Darío Benavides^*

²Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

³Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia

,

Nelson Rivera-Franco

¹TAO-Lab/CiBioFi Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

,

Carlos A. Portilla

²Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

³Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia

⁴Fundación POHEMA, Cali, Colombia

,

Oscar Ramirez

³Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia

⁴Fundación POHEMA, Cali, Colombia

,

Andrés Castillo

¹TAO-Lab/CiBioFi Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

⁵Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

,

Eduardo López-Medina

²Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

³Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia

⁶Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Colombia

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Objective To describe the association between antibiotic use, gut microbiota composition, and the development of sepsis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methods A cohort of pediatric patients was followed up between days −30 (pre-HSCT) and +30 (post-HSCT), and sequential stool samples were collected for analysis of the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities by comparing the sequences of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene. Clinically, patients were divided into those with or without sepsis according to their clinical and laboratory data. Gut microbiota was categorized as potentially pathogenic or commensal and was described according to antibiotic use in patients with and without sepsis.

Results A cohort of eight patients provided 34 stool samples at different time points during their pre- and post-HSCT periods. There was a greater diversity in the microbial composition in patients who did not develop sepsis. In contrast, patients who developed sepsis had low microbiota diversity, a slight dominance of the genus Bacteroides and order Enterobacterales, and a low abundance of the genus Akkermansia. The use of antibiotics was associated with a low relative abundance of commensal bacteria, a high relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota, and a risk of sepsis.

Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbiota sequencing in pediatric HSCT recipients could predict the clinical course and guide direct interventions to improve patient outcomes. Accordingly, short-spectrum, tailored antibiotic therapy could be provided to patients with fever pre- and post-HSCT to prevent dysbiosis and reduce the risk of sepsis.

Keywords

gastrointestinal microbiota - sepsis - acute lymphoblastic leukemia - children - hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - dysbiosis

Full Text

References

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