Autism and sexuality: review and discussion

Background: In the majority of cases, the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is received during childhood. However, considering the high prevalence of the disorder (over 1% of total population) and the fact that children with the diagnosis will grow up, it is urgent to deeply understand matters of autism in teenagers, adults and elders. Focusing on a complete health perspective for individuals with ASD, the lack of scientific articles on sexuality draws attention.

Objective: To review literature regarding sexuality in individuals with ASD, using data obtained from the perspective of patients themselves. Possible hypotheses related to the results found will be discussed.

Methods: A search was performed in June 2022 on PubMed with the keyword combinations: autism AND sexuality, as well as a search on Capes' Theses and Dissertations Catalogue, with the same keywords in Portuguese. Only articles that contained information from patients with ASD themselves where selected, excluding articles based on narratives from family members.

Results: 79 articles were found on PubMed and, after reading, 5 were selected. In the Capes Theses and Dissertations Catalogue, 4 articles were found, only 1 containing qualitative interviews with nine ASD adults. From the review articles, data were found that points to heterosexuality as less frequent in individuals with ASD, if compared to the general population. Difficulties fitting within the socially expected standards of gender were also described. In addition, people with autism are more likely to engage in inappropriate sexual behaviors that offer risks to themselves or their partners.

Conclusions: It is essential to understand sexuality aspects in the autism spectrum disorder group, in order to promote better education and support to patients, the families and society as a whole.

No conflict of interest has been declared by the author(s).

Publication History

Article published online:
18 September 2023