Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000051.xml
Download PDF
Semin Plast Surg 2022; 36(03): 169-182
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760209
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760209
Review Article
Virtual Planning and 3D Printing in Contemporary Orthognathic Surgery
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery is a powerful tool to improve facial balance, form, and function. Virtual planning and three-dimensional printing has improved our ability to visualize complex anatomy, consider various iterations and execute complex movements, and create accurate splints, plates, and cutting guides. This article will outline the distinct advantages of the use of virtual surgical planning over traditional planning, and it will explore the utility of computer-aided design and technology within contemporary orthognathic surgery, including its expanded applications and limitations.
Publication History
Article published online:
14 December 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Naran S, Steinbacher DM, Taylor JA. Current concepts in orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141 (06) 925e-936e
- 2 Pfaff MJ, Steinbacher DM. Plastic surgery applications using three-dimensional planning and computer-assisted design and manufacturing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137 (03) 603e-616e
- 3 Li B, Zhang L, Sun H, Yuan J, Shen SG, Wang X. A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51 (08) e239-e244
- 4 Adolphs N, Liu W, Keeve E, Hoffmeister B. RapidSplint: virtual splint generation for orthognathic surgery - results of a pilot series. Comput Aided Surg 2014; 19 (1-3): 20-28
- 5 Lin HH, Lo LJ. Three-dimensional computer-assisted surgical simulation and intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery: a literature review. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114 (04) 300-307
- 6 Aboul-Hosn Centenero S, Hernández-Alfaro F. 3D planning in orthognathic surgery: CAD/CAM surgical splints and prediction of the soft and hard tissues results - our experience in 16 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40 (02) 162-168
- 7 Chen Z, Mo S, Fan X, You Y, Ye G, Zhou N. A meta-analysis and systematic review comparing the effectiveness of traditional and virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery: based on randomized clinical trials. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79 (02) 471.e1-471.e19
- 8 Hsu SS, Gateno J, Bell RB. et al. Accuracy of a computer-aided surgical simulation protocol for orthognathic surgery: a prospective multicenter study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71 (01) 128-142
- 9 Kwon TG, Choi JW, Kyung HM, Park HS. Accuracy of maxillary repositioning in two-jaw surgery with conventional articulator model surgery versus virtual model surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43 (06) 732-738
- 10 Wilson A, Gabrick K, Wu R, Madari S, Sawh-Martinez R, Steinbacher D. Conformity of the actual to the planned result in orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144 (01) 89e-97e
- 11 Maniskas S, Pourtaheri N, Chandler L, Lu X, Bruckman KC, Steinbacher DM. Conformity of the virtual surgical plan to the actual result comparing five craniofacial procedure types. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147 (04) 915-924
- 12 Bengtsson M, Wall G, Larsson P, Becktor JP, Rasmusson L. Treatment outcomes and patient-reported quality of life after orthognathic surgery with computer-assisted 2- or 3-dimensional planning: a randomized double-blind active-controlled clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153 (06) 786-796
- 13 Nilsson J, Hindocha N, Thor A. Time matters - differences between computer-assisted surgery and conventional planning in cranio-maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 48 (02) 132-140
- 14 Hanafy M, Akoush Y, Abou-ElFetouh A, Mounir RM. Precision of orthognathic digital plan transfer using patient-specific cutting guides and osteosynthesis versus mixed analogue-digitally planned surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49 (01) 62-68
- 15 Liebregts JH, Timmermans M, De Koning MJ, Bergé SJ, Maal TJ. Three-dimensional facial simulation in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: a validation study of 100 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73 (05) 961-970
- 16 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 65
- 17 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 10
- 18 Proffit WR, Turvey TA, Phillips C. Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1996; 11 (03) 191-204
- 19 Al-Delayme R, Al-Khen M, Hamdoon Z, Jerjes W. Skeletal and dental relapses after skeletal class III deformity correction surgery: single-jaw versus double-jaw procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115 (04) 466-472
- 20 Papadopoulos MA. Skeletal Anchorage in Orthodontic Treatment of Class II Malocclusion. Journal of Orthodontics 2015; 42 (01) 87
- 21 Rotas N, Sykes JM. Esthetic orthognathic surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2002; 10 (03) 233-248
- 22 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 86
- 23 Wu RT, Timberlake AT, Bruckman KC, Steinbacher D. Concurrent platysmaplasty and genioplasty using a novel intraoral approach. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145 (01) 80-83
- 24 Conley RS, Edwards SP. Three-dimensional treatment planning for maxillary and mandibular segmental surgery for an adult Class III: where old meets new. Angle Orthod 2019; 89 (01) 138-148
- 25 Bailey LJ, Proffit WR, White Jr R. Assessment of patients for orthognathic surgery. Semin Orthod 1999; 5 (04) 209-222
- 26 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 101
- 27 Rosen HM. Evolution of a surgical philosophy in orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139 (04) 978-990
- 28 Dym H, Pierre II R. Diagnosis and treatment approaches to a “gummy smile”. Dent Clin North Am 2020; 64 (02) 341-349
- 29 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 121
- 30 Pary A. Application of angular measurements in the correction of the asymmetric chin. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71 (07) 1231-1238
- 31 Guyuron B. MOC-PS(SM) CME article: genioplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 121 (4, Suppl): 1-7
- 32 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 517-518
- 33 Barrera-Mora JM, Espinar Escalona E, Abalos Labruzzi C. et al. The relationship between malocclusion, benign joint hypermobility syndrome, condylar position and TMD symptoms. Cranio 2012; 30 (02) 121-130
- 34 Janakiraman N, Feinberg M, Vishwanath M. et al. Integration of 3-dimensional surgical and orthodontic technologies with orthognathic “surgery-first” approach in the management of unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148 (06) 1054-1066
- 35 Mercuri LG, Handelman CS. Idiopathic condylar resorption: what should we do?. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2020; 32 (01) 105-116
- 36 Sawh-Martinez R, Parsaei Y, Wu R. et al. Improved temporomandibular joint position after 3-dimensional planned mandibular reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75 (01) 197-206
- 37 Hwang HS, Hwang CH, Lee KH, Kang BC. Maxillofacial 3-dimensional image analysis for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130 (06) 779-785
- 38 Farrell BB, Franco PB, Tucker MR. Virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2014; 26 (04) 459-473
- 39 Steinbacher DM. Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. Hoboken, NJ, USA:: Wiley Blackwell; 2019: 63
- 40 Wu RT, Wilson AT, Gary CS, Steinbacher DM. Complete reoperation in orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143 (05) 1053e-1059e
- 41 Vale F, Queiroga J, Pereira F. et al. A new orthodontic-surgical approach to mandibular retrognathia. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8 (11) 180
- 42 Andrews BT, Lakin GE, Bradley JP, Kawamoto Jr HK. Orthognathic surgery for obstructive sleep apnea: applying the principles to new horizons in craniofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23 (7, Suppl 1): 2028-2041
- 43 Serafin B, Perciaccante VJ, Cunningham LL. Stability of orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis: options and alternatives. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2007; 19 (03) 311-320 , vv.
- 44 Kumar A, Gabbay JS, Nikjoo R. et al. Improved outcomes in cleft patients with severe maxillary deficiency after Le Fort I internal distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117 (05) 1499-1509
- 45 Bayram M, Ozer M, Alkan A. Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis using a bone-supported distractor. Angle Orthod 2007; 77 (04) 745-752
- 46 Little RM, Riedel RA. Postretention evaluation of stability and relapse–mandibular arches with generalized spacing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989; 95 (01) 37-41
- 47 Blake M, Bibby K. Retention and stability: a review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998; 114 (03) 299-306
- 48 Guerrero CA, Bell WH, Contasti GI, Rodriguez AM. Mandibular widening by intraoral distraction osteogenesis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 35 (06) 383-392
- 49 Iseri H, Malkoç S. Long-term skeletal effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis. An implant study. Eur J Orthod 2005; 27 (05) 512-517
- 50 Lee KJ, Park YC, Park JY, Hwang WS. Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical palatal expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137 (06) 830-839
- 51 Mhlaba JM, Chen ML, Bandla HP, Baroody FM, Reid RR. Predictive soft tissue airway volume analysis in mandibular distraction: pushing the envelope in surgical planning for obstructive sleep apnea. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27 (01) 181-184
- 52 Humphries LS, Yates EK, Mhlaba JM, Collins JM, Baroody FM, Reid RR. Airway volume simulation in virtual mandibular distraction: a cohort study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141 (04) 1003-1009
- 53 Wrzosek MK, Peacock ZS, Laviv A. et al. Comparison of time required for traditional versus virtual orthognathic surgery treatment planning. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45 (09) 1065-1069
- 54 Hanasono MM, Skoracki RJ. Computer-assisted design and rapid prototype modeling in microvascular mandible reconstruction. Laryngoscope 2013; 123 (03) 597-604
- 55 Kaipatur NR, Flores-Mir C. Accuracy of computer programs in predicting orthognathic surgery soft tissue response. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67 (04) 751-759
- 56 Nadjmi N, Defrancq E, Mollemans W, Hemelen GV, Bergé S. Quantitative validation of a computer-aided maxillofacial planning system, focusing on soft tissue deformations. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2014; 4 (02) 171-175
- 57 Rustemeyer J, Groddeck A, Zwerger S, Bremerich A. The accuracy of two-dimensional planning for routine orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 48 (04) 271-275
- 58 Steinbacher DM. Three-dimensional analysis and surgical planning in craniomaxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73 (12, Suppl): S40-S56