Vitamin K in der Prävention und Therapie

Zusammenfassung

Das Thema „Vitamin K“ boomt derzeit auf dem Gesundheitsmarkt. Vitamin K ist bekanntlich für die Blutgerinnung von Bedeutung. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten weisen zunehmend auf einen hohen Nutzen des antihämorrhagischen Vitamins bei der Prävention und Therapie von Knochen- und Gefäßkrankheiten hin. Vitamin K1 (Phyllochinon) kommt häufiger in Nahrungsmitteln vor als die Vitamin K2-Menachinone (besonders MK-7, Menachinon-7), ist jedoch weniger bioaktiv als diese. Vitamin-K-Verbindungen durchlaufen einen Oxidations-Reduktionszyklus innerhalb der Membran des endoplasmatischen Retikulums und geben Elektronen ab, um spezifische Proteine mittels enzymatischer Gammacarboxylierung von Glutamatgruppen zu aktivieren, bevor sie enzymatisch reduziert werden. Zusammen mit Gerinnungsfaktoren (II, VII, IX, X und Prothrombin), Protein C und Protein S, Osteocalcin (OC), Matrix-GLA-Protein (MGP), Periostin, Gas6 und anderen fördern Vitamin K-abhängige Proteine (VKD) die Kalzium-Homöostase, sie hemmen die Gefäßwandkalzifizierung, fördern die Endothelintegrität, erleichtern die Knochenmineralisierung, sind an der Erneuerung von Gewebe und dem Zellwachstum beteiligt und haben zahlreiche weitere Auswirkungen. In der folgenden Übersicht werden die Geschichte von Vitamin K, die physiologische Bedeutung der K-Vitamere, die neuesten positiven Auswirkungen auf das Skelett- und Herz-Kreislauf-System sowie wichtige Interaktionen mit Medikamenten beschrieben.

Abstract

The topic of “Vitamin K” is currently booming on the health products market. Vitamin K is known to be important for blood coagulation. Current research increasingly indicates that the antihaemorrhagic vitamin has a considerable benefit in the prevention and treatment of bone and vascular disease. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is more abundant in foods but less bioactive than the vitamin K2 menaquinones (especially MK-7, menaquinone-7). Vitamin K compounds undergo oxidation-reduction cycling within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, donating electrons to activate specific proteins via enzymatic gamma-carboxylation of glutamate groups before being enzymatically reduced. Along with coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X, and prothrombin), protein C and protein S, osteocalcin (OC), matrix Gla protein (MGP), periostin, Gas6, and other vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins support calcium homeostasis, inhibit vessel wall calcification, support endothelial integrity, facilitate bone mineralization, are involved in tissue renewal and cell growth control, and have numerous other effects. The following review describes the history of vitamin K, the physiological significance of the K vitamers, updates skeletal and cardiovascular benefits and important interactions with drugs.

Schlüsselwörter

Vitamin K - Erkrankungen der Knochen und Gefäße - K-Vitamere

Keywords

Vitamin K - diseases of the bones and vessels - K vitameres

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