Embolization of Procedures-Related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systemic Review

Background: Procedure-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding considered as a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). In this presentation, we will review the most common procedures related UGIB with emphasis on endovascular role in diagnosis and treatment. Method(s): From 2001 to 2017 data, representative cases of procedure-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding were collected with their management details. Result(s): There are various categories of procedure-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding; Endoscopic mucosal resection / submucosal dissection, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Intervention, percutaneous gastrostomy, and hepatobiliary procedures such as PTBD or ERCP. It presented as hematemesis, melena, or hemobilia which is associated with hepatobiliary intervention. In most cases the bleeding resolved spontaneously and, of those that did not, the majority responds to conservative management or endoscopy. Endovascular intervention was mainly embolization and stent graft insertion. Conclusion(s): In failed endoscopic treatment due to massive bleeding or in case of hemodynamically unstable patients or in hepatobiliary procedure related bleeding, endovascular intervention should be considered. Endovascular embolization represents the most viable treatment option regarding it is less invasive and not associated with complication of general anaesthesia.

 

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Publication History

Article published online:
11 May 2021