Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000051.xml
Download PDF
Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35(02): 110-118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727207
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727207
Review Article
Avoidance and Correction of Deformities in Body Contouring
Funding None.
Abstract
Body contouring procedures are highly impactful because of their potential to improve a patient's quality of life. These procedures, particularly when performed on patients following massive weight loss, may require secondary intervention to treat residual contour abnormalities. Presently, there is a paucity of information in the literature detailing the avoidance and correction of body contouring deformities. Herein, we will discuss the management of patients seeking revisional body contouring procedures.
Publication History
Article published online:
08 June 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Toma T, Harling L, Athanasiou T, Darzi A, Ashrafian H. Does body contouring after bariatric weight loss enhance quality of life? A systematic review of QOL studies. Obes Surg 2018; 28 (10) 3333-3341
- 2 Almutairi K, Gusenoff JA, Rubin JP. Body contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137 (03) 586e-602e
- 3 Hammond DC, Chandler AR, Baca ME, Li YK, Lynn JV. Abdominoplasty in the overweight and obese population: Outcomes and patient satisfaction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144 (04) 847-853
- 4 Hunecke P, Toll M, Mann O, Izbicki JR, Blessmann M, Grupp K. Clinical outcome of patients undergoing abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15 (08) 1362-1366
- 5 Jacobs JM, Schechner S, Jacobs JS. Abdominoplasty following massive weight loss. Semin Plast Surg 2006; 20 (01) 15-23
- 6 Sachdev M, Britto GR. Essential requirements to setting up an aesthetic practice. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014; 7 (03) 167-169
- 7 Paik AM, Mady LJ, Sood A, Lee ES. Beyond the operating room: a look at legal liability in body contouring procedures. Aesthet Surg J 2014; 34 (01) 106-113
- 8 Therattil PJ, Chung S, Sood A, Granick MS, Lee ES. An analysis of malpractice litigation and expert witnesses in plastic surgery. Eplasty 2017; 17: e30
- 9 Ning C, Hu X, Liu F. et al. Post-surgical outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease undergoing radical prostatectomy: 10-year results from the US National Inpatient Sample. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20 (01) 278
- 10 Friedman T, O'Brien Coon D, Michaels V J. et al. Hereditary coagulopathies: practical diagnosis and management for the plastic surgeon. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125 (05) 1544-1552
- 11 Nakashima MO, Rogers HJ. Hypercoagulable states: an algorithmic approach to laboratory testing and update on monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants. Blood Res 2014; 49 (02) 85-94
- 12 Rinker B. The evils of nicotine: an evidence-based guide to smoking and plastic surgery. Ann Plast Surg 2013; 70 (05) 599-605
- 13 Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2011; 124 (02) 144-154.e8
- 14 Naghshineh N, Rubin JP. Preoperative evaluation of the body contouring patient: the cornerstone of patient safety. Clin Plast Surg 2014; 41 (04) 637-643
- 15 Brower JP, Rubin JP. Abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. Clin Plast Surg 2020; 47 (03) 389-396
- 16 Shrivastava P, Aggarwal A, Khazanchi RK. Body contouring surgery in a massive weight loss patient: an overview. Indian J Plast Surg 2008; 41 (Suppl): S114-S129
- 17 Coon D, Gusenoff JA, Kannan N, El Khoudary SR, Naghshineh N, Rubin JP. Body mass and surgical complications in the postbariatric reconstructive patient: analysis of 511 cases. Ann Surg 2009; 249 (03) 397-401
- 18 Bal BS, Finelli FC, Shope TR, Koch TR. Nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8 (09) 544-556
- 19 Agha-Mohammadi S, Hurwitz DJ. Nutritional deficiency of post-bariatric surgery body contouring patients: what every plastic surgeon should know. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122 (02) 604-613
- 20 Staalesen T, Olsén MF, Elander A. Complications of abdominoplasty after weight loss as a result of bariatric surgery or dieting/postpregnancy. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2012; 46 (06) 416-420
- 21 Beck FK, Rosenthal TC. Prealbumin: a marker for nutritional evaluation. [Published correction appears in Am Fam Physician 2002 Dec 15;66(12):2208] Am Fam Physician 2002; 65 (08) 1575-1578
- 22 Sinno S, Chang JB, Brownstone ND, Saadeh PB, Wall Jr S. Determining the safety and efficacy of gluteal augmentation: a systematic review of outcomes and complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137 (04) 1151-1156
- 23 Matarasso A, Wallach SG, Rankin M, Galiano RD. Secondary abdominal contour surgery: a review of early and late reoperative surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115 (02) 627-632
- 24 Gusenoff JA. Prevention and management of complications in body contouring surgery. Clin Plast Surg 2014; 41 (04) 805-818
- 25 Cormenzana P. Revision abdominoplasty and proper umbilical positioning. Clin Plast Surg 2010; 37 (03) 541-546
- 26 Pitman GH, Teimourian B. Suction lipectomy: complications and results by survey. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985; 76 (01) 65-72
- 27 Lockwood TE. Lower-body lift. Aesthet Surg J 2001; 21 (04) 355-370
- 28 Song AY, Jean RD, Hurwitz DJ, Fernstrom MH, Scott JA, Rubin JP. A classification of contour deformities after bariatric weight loss: the Pittsburgh Rating Scale. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116 (05) 1535-1544 , discussion 1545–1546
- 29 El Khatib HA. Classification of brachial ptosis: strategy for treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119 (04) 1337-1342
- 30 Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Characteristics of the aging skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2 (01) 5-10
- 31 Khansa I, Harrison B, Janis JE. Evidence-based scar management: how to improve results with technique and technology. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138 (3, Suppl): 165S-178S
- 32 Son D, Harijan A. Overview of surgical scar prevention and management. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29 (06) 751-757
- 33 Atiyeh BS, El Khatib AM, Dibo SA. Pressure garment therapy (PGT) of burn scars: evidence-based efficacy. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2013; 26 (04) 205-212
- 34 Shin TM, Bordeaux JS. The role of massage in scar management: a literature review. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38 (03) 414-423
- 35 Ward RE, Sklar LR, Eisen DB. Surgical and noninvasive modalities for scar revision. Dermatol Clin 2019; 37 (03) 375-386
- 36 Block L, Gosain A, King TW. Emerging therapies for scar prevention. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4 (10) 607-614
- 37 Patel SP, Nguyen HV, Mannschreck D, Redett RJ, Puttgen KB, Stewart FD. Fractional CO2 laser treatment outcomes for pediatric hypertrophic burn scars. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40 (04) 386-391
- 38 Kang AS, Kang KS. A systematic review of cutaneous dog ear deformity: a management algorithm. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020; 8 (09) e3102
- 39 Jaber O, Vischio M, Faga A, Nicoletti G. The three-bite technique: a novel method of dog ear correction. Arch Plast Surg 2015; 42 (02) 223-225
- 40 Fredman R, Katz AJ, Hultman CS. Fat grafting for burn, traumatic, and surgical scars. Clin Plast Surg 2017; 44 (04) 781-791
- 41 Strong AL, Cederna PS, Rubin JP, Coleman SR, Levi B. The current state of fat grafting: a review of harvesting, processing, and injection techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136 (04) 897-912
- 42 Tabbal GN, Ahmad J, Lista F, Rohrich RJ. Advances in liposuction: five key principles with emphasis on patient safety and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2013; 1 (08) e75
- 43 Ablaza VJ, Gingrass MK, Perry LC, Fisher J, Maxwell GP. Tissue temperatures during ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102 (02) 534-542
- 44 Mendez BM, Coleman JE, Kenkel JM. Optimizing patient outcomes and safety with liposuction. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39 (01) 66-82
- 45 Nagy MW, Vanek Jr PF. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing VASER-assisted lipoplasty and suction-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129 (04) 681e-689e
- 46 Wall Jr SH, Lee MR. Separation, aspiration, and fat equalization: SAFE liposuction concepts for comprehensive body contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138 (06) 1192-1201
- 47 Wall Jr S. SAFE circumferential liposuction with abdominoplasty. Clin Plast Surg 2010; 37 (03) 485-501
- 48 Bellini E, Grieco MP, Raposio E. A journey through liposuction and liposculture: review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 24: 53-60
- 49 Dixit VV, Wagh MS. Unfavourable outcomes of liposuction and their management. Indian J Plast Surg 2013; 46 (02) 377-392
- 50 Bossert RP, Dreifuss S, Coon D. et al. Liposuction of the arm concurrent with brachioplasty in the massive weight loss patient: is it safe?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 131 (02) 357-365
- 51 Saldanha OR, Pinto EB, Matos Jr WN, Lucon RL, Magalhães F, Bello EM. Lipoabdominoplasty without undermining. Aesthet Surg J 2001; 21 (06) 518-526
- 52 Krastev TK, Alshaikh GAH, Hommes J, Piatkowski A, van der Hulst RRWJ. Efficacy of autologous fat transfer for the correction of contour deformities in the breast: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018; 71 (10) 1392-1409
- 53 Coleman SR. Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 118 (3, Suppl): 108S-120S
- 54 Negenborn VL, Groen JW, Smit JM, Niessen FB, Mullender MG. The use of autologous fat grafting for treatment of scar tissue and scar-related conditions: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137 (01) 31e-43e
- 55 Coleman SR. Facial recontouring with lipostructure. Clin Plast Surg 1997; 24 (02) 347-367
- 56 Suga H, Eto H, Aoi N. et al. Adipose tissue remodeling under ischemia: death of adipocytes and activation of stem/progenitor cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126 (06) 1911-1923
- 57 Guerrerosantos J. Brachioplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2004; 24 (02) 161-169
- 58 Sisti A, Cuomo R, Milonia L. et al. Complications associated with brachioplasty: a literature review. Acta Biomed 2018; 88 (04) 393-402
- 59 Nguyen L, Gupta V, Afshari A, Shack RB, Grotting JC, Higdon KK. Incidence and risk factors of major complications in brachioplasty: analysis of 2,294 patients. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36 (07) 792-803
- 60 Hurwitz DJ, Jerrod K. L-brachioplasty: an adaptable technique for moderate to severe excess skin and fat of the arms. Aesthet Surg J 2010; 30 (04) 620-629
- 61 Nguyen AT, Rohrich RJ. Liposuction-assisted posterior brachioplasty: technical refinements in upper arm contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126 (04) 1365-1369
- 62 Gusenoff JA, Coon D, Rubin JP. Brachioplasty and concomitant procedures after massive weight loss: a statistical analysis from a prospective registry. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122 (02) 595-603
- 63 Knotts CD, Kortesis BG, Hunstad JP. Avulsion brachioplasty: technique overview and 5-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133 (02) 283-288
- 64 Simone P, Carusi C, Segreto F. et al. Postbariatric brachioplasty with posteromedial scar: physical model, technical refinements, and clinical outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141 (02) 344-353
- 65 Stylianos K, Konstantinos G, Pavlos P, Aliki F. Brachial branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: a case report with its clinical significance and a short review of the literature. [Published correction appears in J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2017 Apr-Jun;8(2):323] J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016; 7 (03) 443-446
- 66 Hurwitz DJ, Holland SW. The L brachioplasty: an innovative approach to correct excess tissue of the upper arm, axilla, and lateral chest. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117 (02) 403-411 , discussion 412–413
- 67 Langer V, Singh A, Aly AS, Cram AE. Body contouring following massive weight loss. Indian J Plast Surg 2011; 44 (01) 14-20
- 68 American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. 2019. Available at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2019/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2019.pdf
- 69 Matarasso A, Schneider LF, Barr J. The incidence and management of secondary abdominoplasty and secondary abdominal contour surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133 (01) 40-50
- 70 van Uchelen JH, Werker PM, Kon M. Complications of abdominoplasty in 86 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 107 (07) 1869-1873
- 71 Sterodimas A, Boriani F, Nicaretta B, Pereira LH. Revision abdominoplasty with truncal liposculpting: a 10-year experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43 (01) 155-162
- 72 Smith LF, Smith Jr LF. Safely combining abdominoplasty with aggressive abdominal liposuction based on perforator vessels: technique and a review of 300 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 135 (05) 1357-1366
- 73 Parsa FD, Cheng J, Hu MS, Kim L, Castel N, Parsa AA. The importance of umbilical blood supply and umbilical delay in secondary abdominoplasty: a case report. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38 (05) NP81-NP87
- 74 Barbosa MV, Nahas FX, Sabia Neto MÂ, Ferreira LM. Strategies in umbilical reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009; 62 (06) e147-e150
- 75 Hoyos AE, Perez ME, Castillo L. Dynamic definition mini-lipoabdominoplasty combining multilayer liposculpture, fat grafting, and muscular plication. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33 (04) 545-560
- 76 Patronella CK. Redefining abdominal anatomy: 10 key elements for restoring form in abdominoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2015; 35 (08) 972-986
- 77 Rohrich RJ, Sorokin ES, Brown SA, Gibby DL. Is the umbilicus truly midline? Clinical and medicolegal implications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 112 (01) 259-263 , discussion 264–265
- 78 Lee YT, Kwon C, Rhee SC, Cho SH, Eo SR. Four flaps technique for neoumbilicoplasty. Arch Plast Surg 2015; 42 (03) 351-355
- 79 Corvino A, Rosa D, Sbordone C. et al. Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound. Pol J Radiol 2019; 84: e542-e548
- 80 Jessen ML, Öberg S, Rosenberg J. Treatment options for abdominal rectus diastasis. Front Surg 2019; 6: 65
- 81 Mommers EHH, Ponten JEH, Al Omar AK, de Vries Reilingh TS, Bouvy ND, Nienhuijs SW. The general surgeon's perspective of rectus diastasis. A systematic review of treatment options. Surg Endosc 2017; 31 (12) 4934-4949
- 82 Nahas FX, Ferreira LM, Mendes JdeA. An efficient way to correct recurrent rectus diastasis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2004; 28 (04) 189-196
- 83 Richter DF, Stoff A, Velasco-Laguardia FJ, Reichenberger MA. Circumferential lower truncal dermatolipectomy. Clin Plast Surg 2008; 35 (01) 53-71 , discussion 93
- 84 Small KH, Constantine R, Eaves III FF, Kenkel JM. Lessons learned after 15 years of circumferential bodylift surgery. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36 (06) 681-692
- 85 Poodt IG, van Dijk MM, Klein S, Hoogbergen MM. Complications of lower body lift surgery in postbariatric patients. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016; 4 (09) e1030
- 86 Losco L, Roxo AC, Roxo CW. et al. Lower body lift after bariatric surgery: 323 consecutive cases over 10-year experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44 (02) 421-432
- 87 Kitzinger HB, Cakl T, Wenger R, Hacker S, Aszmann OC, Karle B. Prospective study on complications following a lower body lift after massive weight loss. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 66 (02) 231-238
- 88 Makipour JJ, Nuveen E, Abbott D. Safety of outpatient circumferential body lift: evidence from 42 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139 (06) 1355-1362
- 89 Swanson E. Near-circumferential lower body lift: a review of 40 outpatient procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019; 7 (12) e2548
- 90 Bullocks J, Basu CB, Hsu P, Singer R. Prevention of hematomas and seromas. Semin Plast Surg 2006; 20 (04) 233-240
- 91 Dreifuss SE, Beidas OE, Rubin JP, Gusenoff JA. Characterizing the saddlebag deformity after lower body lift. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38 (10) 1115-1123
- 92 Hurwitz DJ, Rubin JP, Risin M, Sajjadian A, Sereika S. Correcting the saddlebag deformity in the massive weight loss patient. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 114 (05) 1313-1325
- 93 O'Neill RC, Abu-Ghname A, Davis MJ, Chamata E, Rammos CK, Winocour SJ. The role of fat grafting in buttock augmentation. Semin Plast Surg 2020; 34 (01) 38-46
- 94 Mofid MM, Teitelbaum S, Suissa D. et al. Report on mortality from gluteal fat grafting: recommendations from the ASERF task force. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37 (07) 796-806