Strafrechtliche Implikationen schlafassoziierter Verhaltensstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Bei den Parasomnien handelt es sich um komplexe Verhaltensweisen oder emotionale Erlebnisse, die während des Schlafs bzw. aus dem Schlaf heraus, beim Erwachen oder teilweisen Erwachen auftreten. Sie werden in Non-REM und REM-Parasomnien unterteilt. Besonders die NREM-Parasomnien wie die Schlaftrunkenheit, das Schlafwandeln und der Pavor nocturnus und seltener REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörungen können mit strafrechtlich relevanten Handlungen assoziiert sein. Mittels der Polysomnografie wurden die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen dieser Störungen mittlerweile umfassend erforscht und beschrieben. In der deutschsprachigen Literatur sind die nicht unerheblichen forensischen Implikationen schlafassoziierter Verhaltensstörungen bisher aber nur wenig beschrieben. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die für die gutachtliche Tätigkeit wichtigsten Parasomnien und das Vorgehen in der strafrechtlichen Begutachtungspraxis bei diesen Störungen vor.

Abstract

Parasomnias represent a category of disorders that involve complex behaviors or emotional experiences, arising from or occurring during sleep, which might be also associated with (incomplete) awakening. These phenomena are classified as REM- or Non-REM-parasomnias. In particular the latter, including confusional arousal, sleepwalking and sleep terrors but also REM-sleep behavior disorder might result in criminal consequences. Using polysomnography, the pathophysiological mechanisms of these disorders have been investigated thoroughly. Nevertheless, in German literature, forensic implications of complex behaviors arising from sleep disorders have only been described insufficiently. Here we describe the most relevant parasomnias and also how to proceed in the context of forensic assessments.

Schlüsselwörter

Parasomnie - Schlafwandeln - Pavor nocturnus - REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung - Begutachtung - Parasomnia

Key words

sleep walking - sleep terror - medico-legal - REM sleep behavior disorder - sleep forensics

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