Introduction In 2013, Internet Gaming Disorder was introduced as a condition for further study
in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
The International Classification of Diseases in its 11threvision (ICD-11) now includes
gaming disorder as a behavioral addiction. In this presentation the state of the art
evidence of this disorder with respect to classification, mechanisms, treatment and
prevention will be reviewed
Methods The evidence will be summarized on the basis of a narrative review of the literature
with a special focus on reviews published recently.
Results In the ICD-11, gaming disorder is defined by fulfilling three core criteria including
impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming, and continuation
of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences. In addition the behavior
pattern should be of sufficient severity to result in significant impairment of functioning.
Currently, specific assessment instruments based on the ICD-11 approach are missing.
Neurobiological findings confirm that the disorder is comparable to other addictive
disorders. These findings include changes in the neuronal functioning of the reward
system, poorer response-inhibition and emotional control as well as impaired functioning
of the prefrontal cortex. Studies on treatment approaches are mostly characterized
by poor methodology. Nevertheless, cognitive behavioral approaches are quite promising.
There is a paucity with respect to research on prevention approaches in the area of
gaming disorder. Only very few studies have focused on the efficacy of early intervention
approaches. Preliminary data might suggest to use concepts including the principles
of Motivational Interviewing.
Discussion On the one side, there is evidence suggesting that gaming disorder can be regarded
as a behavioral addiction. On the other side, treatment and prevention are based on
week evidence and further studies are needed.
