Intramedullary, Interlocking Nail Fixation Alone or in Combination with a Cranial Bone Plate to Repair Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in 16 Foals Weighing Less than 250 kg (1993–2016)

Introduction: The reason for performing this study was to evaluate the safety, complications and success rate of a novel procedure to repair diaphyseal femur fractures in foals less than 250 kg. We hypothesized that diaphyseal femur fractures in foals could be successfully repaired with an intramedullary interlocking nail (IIN) alone, or a combination of an IIN and plate applied to the cranial cortex in foals of large stature or with complex fractures.

Materials and Methods: Sixteen foals were presented for surgical repair of a mid-diaphyseal femur fracture. A standard lateral approach to the femur was used to access the fracture, sequentially ream the medullary cavity, and reduce the fracture. A 12.7-mm diameter solid stainless steel IIN was inserted through the trochanteric fossa into the distal femur and secured in place with 5.5-mm cortex screws placed transcortically through holes in the IIN in the proximal and distal fracture segments. In nine foals, a cranial DCP or LCP plate was applied due to concern for the strength and stability of the bone-IIN construct because of the size of the foal or characteristics of the fracture.

Results: Fourteen of 16 horses survived to discharge. Long term follow-up was available for 9 horses. Five horses were used for their intended purpose, 3 were used as broodmares, and 1 was used for pleasure riding.

Discussion/Conclusion: Mid-diaphyseal fractures in foals less than 250 kg can be successfully repaired with an IIN alone or in combination with a cranial bone plate with a fair to good prognosis for return to function.

Acknowledgement: None.

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