Häufigkeit, Diagnostik und Therapie medikamentös induzierter Blutungen^[*]

 

^* Vortragsmanuskript einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung des Zentrums für Innere Medizin am Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen am 12. November 1986

• LITERATUR

• 1 Salzman E W, Deykin D, Shapiro R M, Rosenberg R D. Management of heparin therapy. Controlled prospective trial. N Engl J Med 1975; 292: 1046.
• 2 Glazier R L, Crowell E B. Randomized prospective trial of continuous vs intermit- tant heparin therapy. JAMA 1976; 236: 1365.
• 3 Mant M J, Thong K L, Birtwhistle R V. et al. Haemorrhagic complications of heparin therapy. Lancet 1977; 01: 1133.
• 4 Wilson J R, Lampman J. Heparin therapy: a randomized prospective study. Am Heart J 1979; 97: 155.
• 5 Matthias F R. Blutgerinnungsstörungen. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 1985
• 6 Kernahan R J, Todd C. Heparin therapy in thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1966; 01: 621.
• 7 Jick H, Slone D, Borda J T. et al. Efficacy and toxicity of heparin in relation to age and sex. N Engl J Med 1968; 279: 284.
• 8 Vieweg W V R, Piscatelli R L, Houser J J. et al. Complications of intravenous administration of heparin in elderly women. JAMA 1970; 24: 1303.
• 9 Heinrich D, Hanusch R, Thilo-Körner D G S. Einfluß von unfraktioniertem Heparin auf die Plättchenfunktion und primäre Hämostase. Hämostaseologie 1985; 05: 200-8.
• 10 Heiden D, Mielke C H, Rodvien R. Impairment by heparin of primary haemostasis and platelet (¹⁴C)-5-hydroxytryptamine release. Br J Haematol 1977; 36: 427.
• 11 Payman M A. The significance of haemorrhage during the treatment of patients with the coumarin anticoagulants. Acta Med Scand 1958; 162 Suppl 339 1.
• 12 Mosley D H, Schatz I J, Breneman G M. et al. Long term anticoagulation. Complications and control in review of 979 cases. JAMA 1963; 186: 914.
• 13 Roos J, van Joost H E. The cause of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment. Acta Med Scand 1965; 179: 129.
• 14 Davies R B, Estruch M T, Samson-Corvera E B. Management of anticoagulation in out patients. Experience with an anticoagulation service in a municipal hospital setting. Arch Intern Med 1977; 137: 197.
• 15 Coon W W, Willis III P W. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulation therapy. Arch Intern Med 1974; 113: 386.
• 16 Williams J R B, Griffin J P, Perkins A. Effect of concomitantly administered drugs on the control of anticoagulant therapy. Quart J Med (New Series) 1976; 45: 63.
• 17 Shephart A M M, Christopher L J, Stevenson I H. et al. A prospective study of factors affecting anticoagulant control in a hospital out-patient clinic. Postgrad Med 1978; 54: 784.
• 18 Tilsner V. Nebenwirkungen. In: Streptokinase-Therapie bei chronisch arterieller Verschlußkrankheit. Heinrich F. (Hrsg) Marburg: Med Verlagsges; 1975: 55.
• 19 bThe Urokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial. A National Cooperative Study. American Heart Association Monograph Number 39. Circulation. 1973 47. (Suppl 2) II-1-108..
• 20 Marder V J, Bell W R. Fibrinolytic therapy. In: Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Colman R W, Hirsch J, Marder V J. (eds) Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1982: 1037.
• 21 Straub H. Einfluß der Therapiedauer und der Therapieindikation auf die Häufigkeit schwerwiegender Komplikationen bei der Streptokinase-Therapie. In: Fibrinolytische Therapie - Fibrinolytic Therapy. Trübestein G, Etzel F. (Hrsg) Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer; 1983: 83-8.
• 22 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Strepto- kinasi nellTnfarto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986; I: 397.
• 23 The I S A M. Study Group. A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (I.S.A.M.). N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1465.
• 24 Marder V J. The use of thrombolytic agents : choice of patients, drug administration, laboratory monitoring. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 802.
• 25 Bell W R, Meek A G. Guidelines for the use of thrombolytic agents. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 1266.
• 26 Ewert M R, Hatton M W C, Basford J M. et al. The proteolytic action of arvin on human fibrinogen. Biochem J 1970; 118: 603.
• 27 Bell W R, Bolton G, Pitney W R. The effect of arvin on blood coagulation factors. Br J Haematol 1968; 15: 589.
• 28 Kakkar V V, Flanc C, Howe C T. et al. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis. A trial of heparin, streptokinase, and arvin. Br Med J 1969; 01: 806.
• 29 Davies J A, Merrick M V, Sharp A A. et al. Controlled trial of ancrod and heparin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis in lower limb. Lancet 1972; I: 113.
• 30 Tibbutt D A, Williams E W, Walker M W. et al. Controlled trial of ancrod and streptokinase in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb. Br J Haematol 1974; 27: 407.
• 31 Cazenave J P, Packham M A, Guccione M A. et al. Effect of penicillin G on platelet aggregation, release, and adherence to collagen. Proc Soc Expl Biol 1973; 142: 159.
• 32 Mielke C H. Template bleeding time: technical evaluation and comparison to other methods in normal adults. In Platelet Function Testing. Day H J, Holmsen H, Zucker M B. 1978. 78 1087.
• 33 Kumar R, Ansell J E, Canoso R T. et al. Clinical trial of a new bleeding time device. Am J Clin Pathol 1978; 70: 642.
• 34 Kanishiro M M, Mielke C H, Kasper C K. et al. Bleeding time after aspirin in disorders of intrinsic clotting. N Engl J Med 1969; 281: 1039.
• 35 Stuart M J, Miller M L, Davey F R. et al. The post-aspirin bleeding time: a screening test for evaluating hemostatic disorders. Br J Haematol 1979; 43: 649.
• 36 Ackryod J F. The role of complement in sedormid purpura. Clin Sci 1951; 10: 185.
• 37 Ackroyd J F. Seminars on blood coagulation. Allergic purpura, including purpura due to foods, drugs and infections. Am J Med 1953; 14: 605.
• 38 Ackroyd J F. The immunological basic of purpura due to drug hypersensitivity. Proc Roy Soc Med 1962; 55: 30.
• 39 Shulman N R. Immunoreactions involving platelets. I. A steric and kinetic model for formation of a complex from a human antibody, quinidine as a haptene, and platelets, and for fixation of complement by the complex. J Exp Med 1958; 107: 665.
• 40 Shulman N R. Immunoreactions involving platelets. III. Quantitative aspects of platelet agglutination, inhibition of clot retraction and other reactions caused by the antibody of quinidine purpura. J Exp Med 1958; 107: 697.
• 41 Shulman N R. Immunoreactions involving platelets. IV. Studies on the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in drug purpura using test doses of quinidine in sensitized individuals; their implication in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Exp Med 1958; 107: 711.
• 42 Manohitharajah S M, Jenkins W J, Roberts P D, Clarke R C. Methyldopa and associated thrombocytopenia. Br Med J 1971; 01: 494.
• 43 Wanamaker W M, Wanamaker S J, Celesia G G, Koeller A A. Thrombocytopenia associated with long term levodopa therapy. JAMA 1976; 235: 2217.
• 44 Bolton F G, Damashek W. Thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine. Clinical studies. Blood 1956; 11: 527.
• 45 Gesink M H, Bradford H A. Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hydrochlorothiazide therapy. JAMA 1960; 172: 556.
• 46 Magnusson B, Rodjer S. Alprenolol-induced thrombocytopenia. Acta Med Scand 1980; 207: 231.
• 47 Young R C, Nachman R I, Horowitz H I. Thrombocytopenia due to digitoxin. Demonstration of antibody and mechanisms of action. Am J Med 1966; 41: 605.
• 48 Wackett T, Kelton J G, Powers R. Drug- induced platelet destruction. Sem Thromb Hemostas 1982; 08: 116.
• 49 Kelton J G, Metzler D, Moore J. et al. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with increased binding of IgG to platelets both in vivo and in vitro. Blood 1981; 58: 524.
• 50 Heinrich D, Thilo-Körner D GS, Voss R, Schöndorf T. Heparin-induzierte Plättchenalteration und Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie. In: Niedermolekulares Heparin/Low molecular weight heparin. Schmitz-Huebner H, van de Loo J. (Hrsg) Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer; 1986: 91-114.
• 51 Heinrich D, Görg T, Schulz M, Beckmann S. Einfluß von unfraktioniertem und fraktioniertem Heparin auf die Plättchenfunktion. Hämostaseologie (im)Druck.
• 52 Stavem P, Stromme J, Bull O. Immunological studies in a case of gold salt induced thrombocytopenia. Scand J Haematol 1968; 05: 271.
• 53 Mascarenhas B R, Granda J L, Freyberg R H. Gold metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold compounds reinvestigated. Arthritis Rheum 1972; 15: 391.