RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655647
The Procoagulant in Human Urine: Purification, Assay and Some Biochemical and Physiological Properties[*]
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
26. Juni 2018 (online)

Summary
A powerful procoagulant is excreted with the human urine. The purification, assay with purified prothrombin, definition of unit, properties and animal studies are described. The material is relatively heat resistent, and it activates prothrombin in presence of Ac-globulin and platelet factor 3 or platelet substitute (brain lipid). Fresh male human urine contains 10 u/ml. One to 4 u/ml are required to normalize clotting of hemophilic plasma. Purified preparations exhibit a specific activity around 11,000 u/mg tyrosine. Intravenous injections or infusions of the procoagulant into dogs or rabbits induce for a few hours a phase of transitory hypercoagulability as indicated by shortening of recalcification time and enhancement of prothrombin consumption. This is followed in the rabbit by the appearance of a circulating “antithromboplastin”.
* This study was supported by a grant-in-aid of the Belle Bonfils Memorial Blood Bank, Denver, and grant # 5538, National Heart Institute USPHS.
-
References
- 1 Grunke W. Studien über die Blutgerinnung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Haemo-philie. I. Mitteilung Einfluß des Harnes auf die Gerinnung haemophilen Blutes. Z. ges. exp. Med 96: 512 1935;
- 2 Tocantins L. M, Lindquist J. N. Thromboplastic activity of the urine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 65: 44 1947;
- 3 vonK aulla K. N. Urine adsorbate with fibrinolytic and thromboplastic properties. Centr. Soc. Clin 27: 130 1954;
- 4 vonK aulla K. N. On purification and properties of urine thromboplastin. Proc. Sixth Congress Internat. Soc. Hematology, Boston 1956. P. 611. Grune & Stratton; New York: 1958
- 5 vonK aulla K. N. Extraction and concentration of thromboplastic material from human urine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 91: 543 1956;
- 6 vonK aulla K. N. Urokinase-induced fibrinolysis of human standard clots. Nature (Lond.) 184: 1920 1959;
- 7 vonK aulla K. N, von Kaulla E. Inactivation of pathological inhibitors of intrinsic thromboplastin by procoagulant from human urine. Acta haemat. (Basel) 30: 25 1963;
- 8 Caldwell J, von Kaulla K. N, von Kaulla E, Seegers W. H. Procoagulant material from human urine in prothrombin activation. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 9: 229 1963;
- 9 Lewis J. H. Metabolism of clotting factors. In: The Hemophilias. International Symposium. Edited by Brinkhous K. M. 185 University Press of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, N. C.: 1964
- 10 Jacques L. B. Selection of surfaces for needles, syringes, collection sets, containers, and test tubes to be used in clotting studies. In: Blood Coagulation, Hemorrhage and Thrombosis. Methods of Study. Tocantins L. M, and Kazal L. A. Eds. 8 Grune & Stratton; New York/London: 1964
- 11 vonK aulla K. N, Swan H. Clotting deviations in man associated with open-heart surgery in hypothermia. J. thorac. Surg 36: 857 1958;
- 12 vonK aulla K. N, von Kaulla E. Estimation of thrombin time of plasma. In: Blood Coagulation, Hemorrhage and Thrombosis. Methods of Study. Tocantins L. M, and Kazal L. A. Eds. 335 Grune & Stratton; New York/London: 1964
- 13 vonK aulla K. N, Schultz R. L. Methods for evaluation of human fibrinolysis: Studies with two combined techniques. Amer. J. clin. Path 29: 104 1958;
- 14 Tocantins L. M. Counting platelets in the blood. In: The Coagulation of Blood. Methods of Study. Tocantins L. M. Ed. 33 Grune & Stratton; New York/London: 1955
- 15 Ratnoff O. D, Menzie G. A new method for determination of fibrinogen in small samples of plasma. J. Lab. clin. Med 37: 316 1951;
- 16 Seegers W. H. Prothrombin. 410 Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass.: 1962
- 17 Dawson R. M. G, Elliott D. G, Elliott W. H, Jones K. M. Data for Biochemical Research. 195 Oxford University Press; London: 1959
- 18 Seegers W. H. Prothrombin. 26 Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass.: 1962
- 19 Alexander B. Some biochemical, physiochemical and immunochemical studies of prothrombin and proconvertin (factor VII): Their biopathological significance. In: Blood Clotting Factors (Proc. Fourth Internat. Congress on Biochemistry). Deutsch E. Ed. 37 Pergamon Press; New York: 1959
- 20 Ware A. G, Seegers W. H. Serum Ac-globulin: Formation from plasma Ac-globulin, role in blood coagulation, partial purification, properties, and quantitative determination. Amer. J. Physiol 152: 560 1948;
- 21 Bell W. N, Alton H. G. A brain extract as a substitute for platelet suspensions in thromboplastin generation test. Nature (Lond.) 174: 880 1954;
- 22 Dawson R. M. C, Elliott D. C, Elliott W. H, Jones K. M. Data for Biochemical Research. 202 Oxford University Press; London: 1959
- 23 Folin W, Ciocalteu V. On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in protein. J. biol. Chem 73: 627 1927;
- 24 Winzler R. J. Methods for determination of serum glycoproteins. I. Protein-bound hexose. In: Methods for Biochemical Analysis. Glick D. Ed. 290 Interscience Publishers; New York: 1955: 2.
- 25 Pearse A. G. E. Histochemistry. 2nd ed.. 228 Little, Brown & Co.; Boston: 1960
- 26 Kale G. W. Histochemical demonstration of acid polysaccharides in animal tissue. Nature (Lond.) 257: 802 1946;
- 27 Tamm I, Horsfall F. L. A mucoprotein derived from human urine which reacts with influenza, mumps, and newcastle disease viruses. J. exp. Med 95: 71 1932;
- 28 Horton E. W. The estimation of urinary kallikrein. J. Physiol 148: 267 1959;
- 29 Franks J. J, Takeda Y, Reeve E. B. Preparation of autologous I131-albumin for metabolic studies in man. J. Lab. clin. Med 60: 619 1962;
- 30 Henry R. J. Clinical Chemistry: Principles and Technics. 966 Harper & Row; New York: 1964
- 31 Matsumura T, von Kaulal K. N. Experientia. (Basel) 22: 318 1966;
- 32 Ferguson J. H. Thromboplastic enzymes. Fed. Proc 23: 762 1964;
- 33 Lewis J. H, Szeto I. L. F. Effects of intravenous tissue thromboplastin in dogs: Development of an anticoagulant. J. Lab. clin. Med 60: 261 1962;
- 34 Hecht E. R, Gho M. H, Seegers W. H. Thromboplastin: Nomenclature and preparation of protein-free material different from platelet factor 3 or lipid activator. Amer. J. Physiol 293: 584 1958;
- 35 Chargaff E. Studies on the mechanism of thromboplastic effect. J. biol. Chem 173: 253 1948;
- 36 Miles J. S, von Kaulla E, von Kaulla K. N. Major surgical procedures, including amputation on a hemophiliac. Surgery 55: 220 1964;