Neonatale Atemstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Neonatale Atemstörungen sind bei Früh- und Neugeborenen der Hauptgrund der postnatalen Hospitalisierung. Atemstörungen bei reifen Neugeborenen werden meist durch transiente Tachypnoen, beim Frühgeborenen durch ein Atemnotsyndrom (RDS) hervorgerufen. Durch die wachsende Zahl von abdominellen Schnittentbindungen ohne vorherige Wehen kam es während der beiden vergangenen Dekaden zu einem Anstieg von reifen Neugeborenen mit transienten Tachypnoen, die RDS-Rate konnte dahingegen durch entsprechende Verbesserung der perinatalen Versorgung gesenkt werden. Die Prognose aller Atemstörungen insgesamt während der Neonatalperiode konnte durch neue Beatmungstechniken, systematische Surfactantanwendung sowie als Ultima ratio durch den Einsatz der extrakorporalen Verfahren verbessert werden.

Summary

Respiratory disorders in the neonates still remain the reason for postnatal hospitalization. Main reasons for respiratory failure in the term neonate include transient tachypnea (TTN) of the neonate; in preterms, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a dominating cause. The incidence of TTN has increased during the past two decades due to an increased rate of c-section, whereas the rate of RDS could be lowered. Overall prognosis in respiratory failure could be improved due to advanced ventilation techniques, systematic use of surfactant and the establishment of systematic ECMO-support.

Schlüsselwörter

Neugeborene - Atemstörungen

Keywords

Newborns - respiratory failure

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