Allergieprävention heute

S. Lau

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1629143

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Table of Contents

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2011; 11(04): 205-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629143

Allergologie

Schattauer GmbH

Allergieprävention heute

Allergy prevention today

S. Lau

¹Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie und Immunologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Atopische Erkrankungen wie das atopische Ekzem, die Nahrungsmittelallergie, das allergische Asthma und die allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis sind häufig im Kindesalter. Allergieprävention wird von vielen Eltern und behandelnden Ärzten angestrebt, auch gibt es seit 2009 eine neue S3-Leitlinie zur Allergieprävention, aber es gibt letztendlich nach wie vor keine 100-prozentige Vorbeugung. Die epidemiologischen Studien der letzten beiden Jahrzehnte suggerieren, dass genetische und epigentische Faktoren die Hauptrolle bei der Entwicklung allergischer Erkrankungen spielen. Hierbei modulieren veränderte Umweltfaktoren wie z. B. die Ernährung oder der Kontakt zu Mikroorganismen das An- und Abschalten von proentzündlichen oder entzündungshemmenden Genen, sodass trotz gleichbleibender DNA in einer veränderten Umwelt bestimmte Gene mehr oder weniger zum Tragen kommen und die Prävalenz von inflammatorischen Erkrankungen zunimmt.

Im folgenden Artikel wird ein Überblick über die Datenlage hinsichtlich Allergieprävention und Risiko- bzw. protektiver Faktoren gegeben.

Summary

Atopic diseases like atopic eczema, food allergy, atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis are frequent in childhood and adolescence. Parents and doctors like to have clear prevention guidelines, however, a successful allergy prevention is still not possible, although a new guideline (S3-Leitlinie Allergieprävention) has been published in 2009. Epidemiological studies have been conducted during the last 2 decades and they suggested that genetic and epigenetic factors play a role in the development of allergic disease and in the increase of prevalence. Environmental factors like nutrition, microbiota, exposure to microorganisms can turn on and off pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, thus influencing the prevalence of inflammatory diseases although the DNA is not changed in sequence. The following article tries to give an overview on the current status of scientific knowledge about allergy prevention.

Schlüsselwörter

Allergieprävention - atopische Erkrankungen - atopisches Ekzem - Nahrungsmittelallergien - allergisches Asthma - allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis

Keywords

Allergy prevention - atopic diseases - atopic eczema - food allergy - atopic asthma - allergic rhinitis

Full Text

References

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