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DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629070
Diagnostik und Therapie von autistischen Störungen im Kleinkindes- und Vorschulalter
Diagnostis and therapy of autistic disorders in toddlersPublication History
Eingereicht am:
31 August 2009
angenommen am:
16 September 2009
Publication Date:
25 January 2018 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Autistische Störungen sind durch Verhaltensweisen definiert, die situationsübergreifend und in der Regel lebenslang vorhanden sind: qualitative Einschränkungen der sozialen Interaktion, Kommunikation und Sprache sowie stereotypes Verhalten und Sonderinteressen. Die Diagnose autistischer Störungen bedarf einer spezifischen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Expertise, da als Differenzialdiagnosen insbesondere andere kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Krankheitsbilder zu bedenken sind. Daneben sind häufige komorbide psychiatrische Erkrankungen zu beachten. In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick über Screeningmethoden, diagnostisches Vorgehen sowie evaluierte therapeutische Verfahren im Kleinkindes- und Vorschulalter gegeben. Das Ziel in der kinderärztlichen Praxis sollte sein, möglicherweise betroffene Kinder frühzeitig zu erkennen und an entsprechend spezialisierte Einrichtungen zu verweisen.
Summary
Autistic disorders are characterised by a pervasive qualitative impairment of social interaction and communication, and by restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities. The diagnosis of an autistic disorder should be done by a specialised child psychiatrist, as differential diagnosis and comorbid disorders comprise many other child psychiatric disorders. This article presents screening measures, diagnostic procedures and evaluated therapeutic approaches in toddlers and preschool children. Paediatricians should aim at recognising the disorders at an early stage and should then refer children suspicious of having an autistic disorder to specialised child psychiatric services.
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