Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy

W. Waters

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628873

Nuklearmedizin - NuclearMedicine, Table of Contents

Nuklearmedizin 1987; 26(03): 111-119
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628873

Review Articles

Schattauer GmbH

Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy

W. Waters

¹From the Institut für klinische und experimentelle Nuklearmedizin (Dir.: Prof. Dr. med..H. Schicha) der Universität zu Köln, F.R.G

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Full Text

References

REFERENCES
1 Agnew J. E, Francis R. A, Pavia D, Clarke S. W. Quantitative comparison of ^99mTc-aerosol and ^81mKr ventilation images. Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas 1982; 03: 21.
2 Alderson P. O, Rujanavech N, Seeker-Walker R. H, McKnight R. C. The role of ¹³³Xe ventilation studies in the scintigraphic detection of pulmonary embolism. Radiology 1976; 120: 633.
3 Alderson P. O, Lee H, Summer W. R, Motazedi A, Wagner Jr H. N.. Comparison of Xe-133 wash out and single breath imaging for the detection of ventilation abnormalities. J. nucl. Med 1979; 20: 917.
4 Alderson P. O, Line B. R. Scintigraphic evaluation of regional pulmonary ventilation. Sem. nucl. Med 1980; 10: 218.
5 Alderson P. O, Biello D. R, Gottschalk A. et al. Tc-99m–DTPA aerosol and radioactive gases compared as adjuncts to perfusion scintigraphy in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Radiology 1984; 153: 515.
6 Amis T. C, Jones T. Krypton-81-m as a flow tracer in the lung: Theory and quantitation. Bull. eur. Physiopathol. Resp 1980; 16: 245.
7 Anthonisen N. R, Bass H, Oriol A, Place R. E. G, Bates D. V. Regional lung function in patients with chronic bronchitis. Clin. Sci 1968; 35: 495.
8 Ball W. C, Stewart P. B, Newsham L. G. S, Bates D. V. Regional pulmonary function studied with xenon. J. clin. Invest 1962; 41: 519.
9 Barter C. E, Hugh-Jones P, Law J. W. Radiology compared with Xenon- 133 scanning and bronchoscopic lobar sampling for assessing regional lung function in patients with emphysema. Thorax 1973; 28: 29.
10 Bentivoglio L. G, Beerel F, Stewart P. B. et al. Studies of regional ventilation and perfusion in pulmonary emphysema using Xenon¹³³ . Amer. Rev. resp. Dis 1983; 88: 315.
11 Biello D. R, Mattar A. G, Osei-Wusu A. et al. Interpretation of indeterminate lung scintigrams. Radiology 1979; 133: 189.
12 Björkman S. Bronchospirometrie. Acta med. Scand.. 1934 56 [sek. Aus (77)]
13 Björkman S, Carlens E. The lung function during rest and exercise in lung diseases. A bronchospirometric study. Acta med. Scand 1951; (Suppl. 259) 63.
14 Bogren G. H, Berman D. S, Vismara L. A, Mason D. T. Lung ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in pulmonary embolism. Diagnostic specificity compared to pulmonary angiography. Acta Radiol. Diagn 1978; 19: 933.
15 Bülow K. B, Lindell S. E, Arborelius Jr M.. Predominantly unilateral asthma studied with ¹³³Xenon-radiospirometry. Scand. J. resp. Dis 1975; 56: 223.
16 Buxton-Thomas M. S, Wraight E. P. The use of ^99mTc-DTPA aerosol ventilation scintigraphy in.the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Nucl. Med. Comm 1984; 05: 387.
17 Bria W. F, Kanarek D. J, Kazemi H. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function following thoracic operations. Value of ventilation-perfusion scanning. J. thor. cardiovasc. Surg 1983; 86: 186.
18 Bryan A. C, Bentivoglio L. G, Beerel F, MacLeish H, Zidulka A, Bates D. V. Factors affecting regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion in the lung. J. appl. Physiol 1964; 19: 395.
19 Bryan A. C, Milic-Emili J, Pengelly D. Effect of gravity on the distribution of pulmonary ventilation. J. appl. Physiol 1966; 21: 778.
20 Chu R. Y. L, Zielinski F. W, Ing S. J, Poe N. D. Collimator and xenon- 127 for ventilation studies. Radiology 1980; 137: 819.
21 Churchill E. D, Agassiz A. A method for separating the air breathed by the right and left lungs, together with the effect of pulmonary circulatory changes on this divided breathing. Amer. J. Physiol 1926; 76: 6.
22 Ciofetta G, Silverman M, Hughes J. M. B. Quantitative approach to the study of regional lung function in children using krypton 81m. Brit. J. Radiol 1980; 53: 950.
23 Conn H. L. Equilibrium distribution of radioxenon in tissue; xenon hemoglobin association curve. J. appl. Physiol 1961; 16: 1065.
24 Creutzig H. Das »normale« Ventilations-Perfusions-Szintigramm bei Patienten ohne Verdacht auf eine Lungenembolie. Der Nuklearmediziner 1983; 03: 387.
25 Dyson N. A, Hugh-Jones P, Newberg G. R, Sinclair J. D, West J. B. Studies of regional lung function using radioactive oxygen. Brit. med. J 1960; i 231.
26 Ernst H, Iglauer E, Kronschwitz H, Spode E. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der Therapie von Lungentumoren mit Hilfe radioaktiver Gold-Kohle-Suspensionen. Strahlenther 1958; 107: 382.
27 Evans C. C. Regional lung function in chronic airways obstruction. In: Regional Lung Function and Closing Volume-Clinical Applications of New Methods and Knowledge. Scand. J. resp. Dis 1974; (Suppl. 85) 75.
28 Fallat R. J, Powell M. R, Kueppers F, Lilker E. ¹³³Xe ventilatory studies on α₁-antitrypsin deficiency. J. nucl. Med 1973; 14: 5.
29 Fazio F, Jones T. Assessment of regional ventilation by continuous inhalation of radioactive krypton-81m. Brit. med. J 1975; 03: 673.
30 Fazio F, Lavender J. P, Steiner R. E. ^81mKrypton ventilation and ^99mTc perfusion scans in chest disease: Comparison with standard radiographs. Amer. J. Radiol 1978; 130: 421.
31 Fazio F, Solfanelli S, DiRicco G, Balbarini A, Mariani M, Giuntini C. Regional lung ventilation and perfusion in patients with left heart valvular disease. In: Cardiac Lung.. 1979. Giuntini C, Pannucio P. 85 Piccin; Padova:
32 Fazio F, Wollmer P, Lavender J. P, Barr M. M. Clinical ventilation imaging with In-113m aerosol: A comparison with Kr-81m. J. nucl. Med 1982; 23: 306.
33 Foreman S, Weill H, Duke R. Bullous disease of the lung. Ann. int. Med 1968; 69: 757.
34 Fridrich R, Narjes H. H. Die kombinierte Lungenszintigraphie -eine Notwendigkeit bei der Lungenemboliediagnostik?. Der Nuklearmediziner 1983; 03: 375.
35 Friedman W. F, Braunwald E. Alterations in pulmonary blood flow in mitral valve disease studied by radioisotope scanning. A simple nontraumatic technique for estimation of left atrial pressure. Circulation 1966; 34: 363.
36 Gaensler E. A, Watson Jr T. R.. Bronchospirometry. III. Complications, contraindications, technique, and interpretation. J. Lab. clin. Med 1952; 40: 223.
37 Gibel W, Matthews T. h, Spode E. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Anwendbarkeit einer 198-Au-Kohlesuspension zur Diagnostik pulmonaler Zirkulationsstörungen. Fortschr. Röntgenstr 1962; 97: 186.
38 Gibel W, Matthews T. h, Ernst H, Spode E. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik von Gefäßverschlüssen der A. pulmonalis durch radioaktive Gold-Kohle-Suspension. Fortschr. Röntgenstr 1962; 96: 350.
39 Giuntini C, Mariani M, Barsotti A, Fazio F, Santolicandro A. Factors affecting regional pulmonary blood flow in left heart valvular disease. Amer. J. Med 1974; 57: 421.
40 Gordon I, Ciofetta G, Fazio F. Value of ^81mKr ventilation and “^mTc macroaggregate lung scans in children. Brit. J. Radiol 1979; 52: 676.
41 Guter M. ¹⁵O-CO₂ . Progr. nucl. Med 1978; 05: 115.
42 Hatch H. B, Maxfield W. S, Ochsner J. L. Radioisotope lung scanning in bronchogenic carcinoma. J. thorac. cardiovasc. Surg 1965; 50: 634.
43 Heckscher T, Bass H, Oriol A, Rose B, Anthonisen N. R, Bates D. V. Regional lung function in patients with bronchial asthma. J. clin. Invest 1968; 47: 1063.
44 Hirdes J. J. Die Bronchospirometrie. Schweiz. Z. Tuberk 1951; 08: 392.
45 Hogg J. C, Macklem P. T, Thurlbeck W. M. Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. New Engl. J. Med 1968; 278: 1355.
46 Holley H. S, Milic-Emili J, Becklake M. R. Regional distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in obesity. J. clin. Invest 1967; 46: 475.
47 Hugh-Jones P, Whimster W. The etiology and management of disabling emphysema. Amer. Rev. respir. Dis 1978; 117: 343.
48 Isawa T, Wasserman K, Taplin G. V. Lung scintigraphy and pulmonary function studies in obstructive airway disease. Amer. Rev. resp. Dis 1970; 102: 161.
49 Jacobaeus H. C, Frenckner P, Björkman S. Some attempts at determining the volume and function of each lung separately. Acta med. Scand 1932; 79: 174.
50 Jacobaeus H. C. Ergebnisse der Bronchospirometrie. Schweiz, med. Wschr 1936; 36: 865.
51 James A. E, Cooper M, White R. I, Wagner Jr H. N.. Perfusion changes on lung scans in patients with congestive heart failure. Radiology 1971; 100: 99.
52 Kampmann H, Konietzko N, Matthys H, Adam W. E, Bitter F. Klinische Untersuchungen zur Verläßlichkeit der Bestimmung von Lungenvolumina mit ¹³³Xenon. In: Nuklearmedizin; Quality Factors in Nuclear Medicine.. 1975. Munkner T. H, Schmidt A. E. (eds.). 13th Intern Ann. Meet. Soc. Nucl. Med.. 1975. Copenhagen:
53 Kampmann H, Konietzko N, Adam W. E, Bitter F, Matthys H. Klinische Erfahrungen mit der funktionsszintigraphischen Radiospirometrie. In: Nuklearmedizin; Quality Factors in Nuclear Medicine. Munkner T. H, Schmidt A. E. (eds.) 13th Intern. Ann. Meet. Soc. Nucl. Med.. 1975. Copenhagen:
54 Kampmann H, Matthys H, Bitter F, Adam W. E, Konietzko N. Die funktionsszintigraphische Radiospirometrie. Fortschr. Roentgenstr 1975; 122: 50.
55 Kaplan E, Mayron L. W, Barnes W. E, Colombetti L. G, Friedman A. M, Gindler J. E. Continuous radionuclide generation. II. Scintigraphic definition of capillary exchange by rapid decay of ^81mKr and its applications. J. nucl. Med 1974; 15: 874.
56 Kaplan E, Mayron L. W. Evaluation of perfusion with the ⁸¹Rb-^81mKr generator. Sem. nucl. Med 1976; 06: 163.
57 Kaplan E, Gergans G. A, Milo T, Friedman A. M, Sharp J. T. Dynamic imaging of the respiratory cycle with ^81mKr. Chest 1982; 81: 312.
58 Kaplan E, Milo T. J, Gergans G. A, Barnes W. E, Friedman A. M, Gose E. E, Sharp J. T. Pulmonary cine-scintigraphy with ^81mKrypton. In: Proc. Third World Congr. Nucl. Med. Biol. (Paris). 1982. Pergamon Press; Paris - Oxford - New York - Toronto Sydney - Frankfurt:
59 Kazemi H, Parson E. F, Valenca L. M, Strieder D. J. Distribution of pulmonary blood flow after myocardial ischaemia and infarction. Circulation 1970; 41: 1025.
60 Kazemi H, Hales C, Ahluwalia B. N¹³-N₂ . In: Newer Radiogases in Practice. 1978. Guter M. 93 Karger; Basel - München - Paris - London - New York - Sydney:
61 Kety S. S. The therapy and application of the exchange of inert gas at the lungs and tissues. Pharmacol. Rev 1951; 03: 1.
62 Knipping H. W, Bolt W, Venrath H, Valentin H, Ludes H, Endler P. Eine neue Methode zur Prüfung der Herz- und Lungenfunktion. Dtsch. med. Wschr 1955; 80: 1146.
63 Lavender J. P, Fazio F. The use of short-lived radioactive gas ^81mKr studying regional ventilation: Clinical applications. Brit. J. Radiol 1976; 49: 473.
64 Lavender J. P, Cunningham D. A. Clinical value of krypton-81m and technetium-99m perfusion lung scanning. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir 1980; 16: 309.
65 Leblanc P, Ruff F, Milic-Emili J. Effects of age and body position on “airway closure” in man. J. appl. Physiol 1970; 28: 448.
66 Li D. K, Treves S, Heyman S. et al. Krypton-81m: A better radiopharmaceutical for assessment of regional lung function in children. Radiology 1979; 130: 741.
67 Löhr B, Gnüchtel W. Atemminutenvolumen, Sauerstoffaufnahme und spezifische Ventilation einzelner Lungenhälften bei gesunden und kranken Menschen. Klin. Wschr 1955; 33: 674.
68 Lopez-Majano V, Kieffer R. F, Marine D. N. Pulmonary resection in bullous disease. Amer. Rev. resp. Dis 1969; 99: 554.
69 Lütgemeier J, Kampmann H, Konietzko N, Adam W. E. Lungendiagnostik mit Radionukliden. 1977. Gustav Fischer; Stuttgart - New York:
70 Macklem P. T, Thurlbeck W. M, Frazer R. G. Chronic obstructive disease of small airways. Ann. int. Med 1971; 74: 167.
71 Martin C. J, Cline F, Marshall H. Lobar alveolar gas concentrations: Effect of body position. J. clin. Invest 1953; 32: 617.
72 Martin C. J, Young A. C. Ventilation-perfusion variations within the lung. J. appl. Physiol 1957; 11: 371.
73 Mattson S. B, Carlens E. J. Lobar ventilation and oxygen uptake in man; influence of body position. J. thorac. Surg 1955; 30: 676.
74 McNeil B. J. A diagnostic strategy using ventilation-perfusion studies in patients suspected for pulmonary embolism. J. nucl. Med 1976; 17: 613.
75 Milic-Emili J, Henderson J. A. M, Dolovich M. B, Trop D, Kaneko K. Regional distribution of inspired gas in the lung. J. appl. Physiol 1966; 21: 749.
76 Mishkin F. S, Brashear R. E. An experimental study of the effect of free pleural fluid on the lung scan. Radiology 1970; 97: 283.
77 Moyses B, Weitzenblumet G, Methlin E. Distribution régionale, en position assise, de la ventilation, de la perfusion et du rapport ventilation-perfusion chez des sujets sains, des bronchiteux chroniques, et des emphysemateux. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Resp 1974; 10: 811.
78 Müller J. H, Rossier P. H. De l’emploi d’isotopes radioactifs arteficiels dans le but d’exercer un effet radiobiologique localisé. Experientia (Basel) 1947; 03: 75.
79 Myfawny M, Gwyther M, Field O. Aggregated ^99mTc-labelled albumin for lung scintiscanning. Int. J. appl. Radiat. Isot 1966; 117: 485.
80 Newhouse M. T, Wright F. J, Ingham G. K, Archer N. P, Hughes L. B, Hopkins O. L. Use of scintillation camera and ¹³⁵Xenon for study of topographic pulmonary function. Resp. Physiol 1968; 04: 141.
81 Norris C. M, Long J, Oppenheimer M. J. Bronchospirography: Apparatus and technique. J. thorac. Surg 1948; 17: 357.
82 Otis A. B, McKerrow B, Bartlett A. et al. Mechanical factors in distribution of pulmonary ventilation. J. appl. Physiol 1956; 08: 427.
83 Partlow W. F, McCormack K. R. Changes in lung scan pattern related to free fluid and cardiac position. J. nucl. Med 1971; 12: 2.
84 Partridge M. R, Ciofetta G, Hughes J. M. Topography of ventilationperfusion ratios in obesity. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir 1978; 14: 765.
85 Pierson Jr R. N., Yamashina A, Redington Barret Jr C., Friedman M. I. Interactions of heart disease and lung disease on radionuclide tests of lung anatomy and function. In: Pulmonary Nuclear Medicine. 1984. Atkins H. L. (ed.) 280 Marcel Dekker; New York - Basel:
86 Rosenberg R, Dhand S, Shon B, Malmud L. S. Correlation of pulmonary function abnormalities suggesting small airway dysfunction with xenon washout curves. J. nucl. Med 1978; 19: 675.
87 Schümichen C. Aerosol-Inhalation - Grundlage und klinische Indikation. Der Nuklearmediziner 1983; 04: 423.
88 Schümichen C. Erzeugung von Radioaerosolen. Nucl.-Med 1986; 25: 147.
89 Seeker-Walker R. A, Provan J. L. Scintillation scanning of lungs in preoperative assessment of carcinoma of the bronchus. Brit. med. J 1969; 03: 327.
90 Seeker-Walker R. H, Siegel B. A. The use of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of lung disease. Radiol. Clin. North Amer 1973; 11: 215.
91 Shibel E. M, Landis G. A, Moser K. M. Inhalation lung scanning evaluation - Radioaerosol versus radioxenon techniques. Dis. Chest 1969; 56: 284.
92 Tammeling G. J. Bronchospirometrisch bestimmte Totalkapazität und ihre Unterteilung bei Tuberkulosepatienten. Beitr. Klin. Tbk 1962; 125: 145.
93 Taplin G. V, Johnson D. E, Dore E. K, Kaplan H. S. Suspensions of radioalbumin aggregates for photoscanning the liver, spleen, lung and other organs. J. nucl. Med 1964; 05: 259.
94 Taplin G. V, Poe N. D, Greenburg A. Lung scanning following radioaerosol inhalation. J. nucl. Med 1966; 07: 77.
95 Taplin G. V, Feigenbaum L, Chopra S. K, Elam D. A widely applicable perfusion radioaerosol inhalation procedure in diagnosing pulmonary embolism. J. nucl. Med 1978; 19: 676.
96 Tow D. E, Wagner Jr H. N.. Recovery of pulmonary arterial blood flow in patients with pulmonary embolism. New Engl. J. Med 1967; 276: 1053.
97 Venrath H, Rotthoff F, Valentin H, Bolt W. Bronchospirometrische Untersuchungen bei Durchblutungsstörungen im kleinen Kreislauf. Beitr. Klin. Tbk 1952; 107: 291.
98 Wagner H, Sabiston D, McAfee J, Tow D, Stern H. Diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism in man by radioisotope scanning. New Engl. J. Med 1964; 271: 377.
99 Wagner Jr H. N., Lopez-Majano V, Tow D. E. Radioisotope scanning of lungs in early diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. Lancet 1965; i 344.
100 Waters W. Untersuchungen der Atemdynamik mit Hilfe der atemgetriggerten Krypton-81m–Ventilationsszintigraphie. Der Nuklearmediziner 1983; 04: 491.
101 Waters W, Neeb W. Eine Methode zur Atemtriggerung und ihre Anwendung bei der atemgetriggerten Sequenzszintigraphie. NUC-Comp 1983; 14: 130.
102 Waters W, Neeb W, Wellner U. A method for breathing-related ECG-triggering. NUC-Comp 1984; 15: 34.
103 Waters W. Parametrische Darstellung der regionalen Lungenfunktion. Josef Eul.. 1986. Köln:
104 Weitzenblum E, Moyses B, Methlin G. M. Current concepts in regional pulmonary function. Clin. nucl. Med 1982; 07: 132.
105 West J. B, Dollery C. T. Distribution of blood flow and ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lung, measured with radioactive CO₂ . J. appl. Physiol 1960; 15: 405.
106 West J. B. Regional differences in gas exchanges in the lung of erect man. J. appl. Physiol 1962; 17: 893.
107 West J. B. Distribution of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation measured with radioactive gases. Scand. J. resp. Dis.. 1966 62
108 Ya P. M, Guzman T, Loken M. K, Perry Jr J. F.. Isotope localisation with tagged microspheres. Surgery 1961; 49: 644.