Stammzellen im gesunden und erkrankten adulten Gehirn

Zusammenfassung

Im adulten Gehirn entstehen aus neuronalen Stammund Vorläuferzellen neue Nervenzellen. Obwohl es Stammzellen wahrscheinlich im gesamten Gehirn gibt, werden nur im Hippocampus und im Riechsystem kontinuierlich neue Nervenzellen generiert. Adulte Neurogenese ist in einer offenbar komplexen Weise und in Abhängigkeit von »Aktivität« reguliert, was für eine funktionelle Relevanz spricht. Erste Theorien beschäftigen sich mit der mutmaßlichen Bedeutung der Stammzellaktivität sowohl in den neurogenen Regionen als auch außerhalb. Und schließlich gibt es erste Vorstellungen darüber, was geschieht, wenn die normale Regulation neuronaler Stammzellaktivität gestört ist.

Summary

In the adult brain, new neurons develop from neuronal stem and progenitor cells. Although these precursor cells presumably exist in the entire brain, only in the hippocampus and the olfactory system new neurons are continuously generated from these cells. Adult neurogenesis is regulated in a complex manner and dependend from “activity”, which argues in favor of the idea that adult neurogenesis is functionally relevant. First theories address the putative functional significance of neuronal stem cells in both neurogenic and non-neurogenic regions. Finally, first ideas have emerged on what happens if the normal regulation of neuronal stem cell activity is disturbed.

Schlüsselwörter

Stammzelle - Vorläuferzelle - Neurogenese - Plastizität

Keywords

Stem cell - progenitor cell - neurogenesis - plasticity

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