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Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2014; 42(02): 94-100
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623752
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Incidence of delayed hair re-growth, pruritus, and urinary retention after epidural anaesthesia in dogs

Auftreten von verzögertem Haarwachstum, Juckreiz und Harnverhalten nach Epiduralanästhesie beim Hund
K. S. Kalchofner Guerrero
1   Abteilung Anästhesie, Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich
,
T. G. Guerrero
2   Klinik für Kleintierchirurgie der Universität Zürich
,
M. Schweizer-Kölliker
1   Abteilung Anästhesie, Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich
,
S. K. Ringer
1   Abteilung Anästhesie, Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich
,
M. Hässig
3   Abteilung Ambulanz und Bestandesmedizin, Departement für Nutztiere, Universität Zürich
,
R. Bettschart-Wolfensberger
1   Abteilung Anästhesie, Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 28 August 2013

Accepted after revision: 08 December 2013

Publication Date:
06 January 2018 (online)

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Summary

Objective: Delayed hair re-growth, pruritus and urinary retention are known complications after epidural anaesthesia in dogs. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of epidurally administered drugs on the occurrence of these complications in dogs. Material and methods: Ninety dogs were included in this study. Eighty client-owned dogs undergoing surgery were randomly assigned to one of three epidural treatment groups: either morphine and bupivacaine (MB), bupivacaine (B), or saline solution 0.9% (S) was administered epidurally to these patients. Ten dogs were only clipped in the lumbosacral area (C). Follow-up started 4 weeks after clipping and was performed every 4–5 weeks in cases of delayed hair regrowth or pruritus. Hair re-growth in the lumbosacral area was observed and compared to hair re-growth in the surgical field and the fentanyl patch area. Cytological analysis and a trichogram were performed if hair re-growth was delayed after 6 months. Time interval to first urination postoperatively was recorded (n = 80). Results: Hair regrowth was delayed in 11 dogs (12.2%; B: n = 7, S: n = 2, MB: n = 1, C: n = 1) with no differences between groups. Pruritus was evident in two dogs (2.2%; MB: n = 1, S: n = 1). After 6 months, hair had started to re-grow in all but one dog (B). After 10 months the coat of this dog had re-grown. Time to first urination did not differ between groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance: No direct correlation between the particular drugs injected epidurally and delayed hair re-growth, pruritus and urinary retention could be shown. Dog owners should be informed that hair re-growth after epidural anaesthesia could be markedly delayed.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: Verzögertes Haarwachstum, Juckreiz im lumbosakralen Bereich sowie Harnverhalten stellen beim Hund bekannte Nebenwirkungen nach einer Epiduralanästhesie dar. Ziel der Studie war zu evaluieren, ob die in den Epiduralraum injizierten Medikamente die Ursache für diese Nebenwirkungen sind. Material und Methoden: Insgesamt 90 Hunde gingen in die Studie ein. Achtzig chirurgische Patienten wurden zufällig einer von drei Gruppen zugeteilt: Den Hunden der Gruppe B wurde epidural Bupivacain verabreicht, den Hunden der Gruppe BM Bupivacain und Morphin, den Hunden der Gruppe S sterile Kochsalzlösung. Zehn Hunde unterlagen nur einer Schur am lumbosakralen Übergang. Der Zeitpunkt des ersten Harnabsatzes nach der Operation wurde notiert. Vier Wochen nach der Operation bzw. der Rasur fand die erste Evaluation statt: Das Haarwachstum am lumbosakralen Übergang, am Operationsfeld und an der für das Fentanylpflaster ausgeschorenen Stelle wurde verglichen. Die Hunde wurden nach Anzeichen von Juckreiz untersucht. Bestanden zu diesem Zeitpunkt Probleme, erfolgten alle 4–5 Wochen weitere Untersuchungen. Bei anhaltenden Problemen 6 Monate nach der Operation wurde eine zytologische Untersuchung durchgeführt und ein Trichogramm erstellt. Ergebnisse: Bei 11 Hunden trat verzögertes Haarwachstum auf (12,2%; B: n = 7, S: n = 2, MB: n = 1, C: n = 1). Nach 6 Monaten waren die Haare bei allen Hunden mit einer Ausnahme (Gruppe B) nachgewachsen. Bei diesem einen Tier war dies nach 10 Monaten der Fall. Zu Pruritus kam es bei zwei Hunden (2,2%; MB und S: je n = 1). Bezüglich Haarwachstum, Juckreiz und Harnverhalten ließen sich keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen feststellen. Schlussfolgerung: Die injizierten Medikamente können als Ursache für das Auftreten von Haarwachstumsstörungen, Pruritus und Harnretention beim Hund nach Epiduralanästhesie weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden. Hundebesitzer sollten vor einer Epiduralanästhesie darauf aufmerksam gemacht werden, dass das Nachwachsen der Haare im lumbosakralen Bereich beträchtlich verzögert sein kann.

Key words

Canine - regional anaesthesia - morphine - bupivacaine - complications

Schlüsselwörter

Hund - Regionalanästhesie - Morphin - Bupivacain - Komplikationen
 

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