Einfluss modifizierbarer Lebensstilfaktoren auf die Gewichtsentwicklung und Körperfettverteilung

U. Bachlechner; H. Boeing

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1618826

Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie, Table of Contents

Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2013; 07(04): 247-252
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618826

Serie Lebensstil: Originalarbeit

Schattauer GmbH

Einfluss modifizierbarer Lebensstilfaktoren auf die Gewichtsentwicklung und Körperfettverteilung

Ergebnisse der EPIC-StudieInfluence of modifiable lifestyle factors on weight change and body fat distributionResults of the EPIC study

U. Bachlechner

¹Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Abteilung Epidemiologie, Leiter: Prof. Dr. Heiner Boeing

,

H. Boeing

¹Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Abteilung Epidemiologie, Leiter: Prof. Dr. Heiner Boeing

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Vorhersagemodellen zufolge wird sich der seit den 1990er Jahren vollziehende Anstieg der Adipositasprävalenz bei gleich bleibenden Ernährungs- und Lebensgewohnheiten auch künftig fortsetzen. Zur Senkung der Prävalenz ist es notwendig, bei noch nicht adipösen Personen das Risiko zu reduzieren, den Adipositasstatus zu erreichen.

Ergebnisse Im Rahmen der EPIC-Studie wurden folgende Erkenntnisse im Hinblick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen modifizierbaren Lebensstilfaktoren und der Adipositasentstehung gewonnen: Abgeschwächte Zunahmen an Gewicht und Taillenumfang wurden bei Personen mit höherem Ballaststoffverzehr und mehr körperlicher Aktivität beobachtet. Höherer Verzehr an Obstund Gemüse wirkte vor allem bei ehemaligen Rauchern einer Gewichtszunahme entgegen. Der Fettverzehr hatte weder einen Einfluss auf Gewichtsnoch auf Taillenumfangsveränderungen. Die vermehrte Aufnahme von tierischem Protein führte zu einem vergleichsweise höheren Gewichtszuwachs, während höherer Alkoholkonsum sowohl mit Zuwächsen des Gewichtes als auch des Taillenumfanges assoziiert war.

Summary

Background According to prediction models, the increase in obesity prevalence since the 1990s will continue in the future, if nutrition and lifestyle habits do not change. To decrease the prevalence it is necessary to reduce obesity risk in non-obese subjects.

Results Knowledge about the relationships of modifiable lifestyle factors and the development of obesity has been collected within the scope of the EPIC study: Higher fiber intake and more physical activity attenuated the increase in weight and waist circumference. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables counteracted weight gain – especially in former smokers. Fat intake did not influence changes in weight and waist circumference. Higher consumption of animal protein induced weight gain, whereas higher alcohol consumption was associated with gain in weight and waist circumference.

Schlüsselwörter

EPIC - modifizierbare Lebensstilfaktoren - Gewicht - Taillenumfang

Keywords

EPIC - modifiable lifestyle factors - weight - waist circumference

Full Text

References

Literatur
1 Berghöfer A, Pischon T, Reinhold T. et al. Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2008; 08: 200.
2 Bergmann M M, Schütze M, Steffen A. et al. The association of lifetime alcohol use with measures of abdominal and general adiposity in a large-scale European cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65: 1079-1087.
3 Bingham S, Riboli E. Diet and Cancer – The European Prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2004 doi: 10.1038/ nrc1298.
4 Boeing H, Korfmann A, Bergmann M M. Recruitment procedure of EPIC-Germany. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 1999; 43: 25-215.
5 Buckley JD, Howe PR. Anti-obesity effects of longchain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Obesity Reviews 2009; 10: 648-659.
6 Buijsse B, Feskens EJM, Schulze MB. et al. Fruit and vegetable intakes and subsequent changes in body weight in European populations: results from the project on Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes). Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 202-209.
7 Du H, van der ADL, Boshuizen HC. et al. Dietary fiber and subsequent changes in body weight and waist circumference in European men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 329-363.
8 Du H, van der ADL, Ginder V, Jebb SA. et al. Dietary Energy Density in Relation to Subsequent Changes of Weight and Waist Circumference in European Men and Women. PLoS ONE. 2009 04. (4).
9 Du H, van der ADL, van Bakel MME. et al. Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women. Int J Obesity 2009; 1-9.
10 Ekelund E, Besson H, Luan J. et al. Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and bodyweight: prospective cohort study in 288.498 men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 doi: 10.3945/ajcn. 110.006593.
11 Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, Du H. et al. Dietary fat intake and subsequent weight change in adults: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohorts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009 doi: 10.3945/ajcn. 2009.27929.
12 Haftenberger M, Lahmann P H, Panico S. et al. Overweight, obesity and fat distribution in 50– to 64-year-old participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Public Health Nutrition 2002; 05 (6B): 1147-1162.
13 Halkjær J, Olsen A, Overvad K. et al. Intake of total, animal and plant protein and subsequent changes in weight or waist circumference in European men and women: the Diogenes project. Int J Obesity 2010; 1-10.
14 Jakobsen M U, Due K M, Dethlefsen C. et al. Fish consumption does not prevent increase in waist circumference in European women and men. Brit J Nutr. 2011 doi: 10.1017/ S0007114511006039.
15 Riboli E, Hunt K J, Slimani N. et al. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection. Public Health Nutrition 2002; 05 (6B): 1113-1124.
16 Romaguera D, Norat T, Vergnaud A C. et al. Mediterranean dietary patterns and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA project. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 912-921.
17 Romaguera D, Änquist L, Du H. et al. Dietary determinants of changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index – a proxy measure of visceral adiposity. PLoS ONE. 2010 05. (7).
18 Rose G. Sick Individuals and Sick Populations. International Epidemiological Association. 1985 Vol. 14. (1).
19 Schütze M, Schulz M, Steffen A. et al. Beer consumption and the ´beer belly´: scientific basis or common belief?. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: 1143-1149.
20 Steffen A, Sørensen T I A, Knüppel S. et al. Development and validation of a risk score predicting substantial weight gain over 5 years in middleaged European men and women. PLoS ONE 2013; 08 (07) e67429 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067429.
21 Travier N, Agudo A, May A M. et al. Longitudinal changes in weight in relation to smoking cessation in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study. Preventive Medicine. 2011 doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed. 2011.09.003.
22 Vergnaud A C, Norat T, Romaguera D. et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating out of Home, and Obesity study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011 doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.019968.
23 Vergnaud A C, Norat T, Romaguera D. et al. Meat consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 398-407.
24 Vergnaud A C, Norat T, Mouw T. et al. Macronutrient composition of the diet and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study. PLoS ONE. 2013 08. (3).
25 Von Ruesten A, Steffen A, Floegel A. et al. Trend in Obesity Prevalence in European Adult Cohort Populations during Follow-up since 1996 and Their Predictions to 2015. PLoS ONE. 2011 06. (11).