Psychosoziale Aspekte des Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung

Die Diabetestherapie stellt im Alltag erhebliche Anforderungen an Kinder, Jugendliche und ihre Familien. Die gleichzeitig zu bewältigenden normalen Entwicklungsaufgaben können es jedoch schwer machen, eine intensivierte Insulintherapie erfolgreich umzusetzen. Psychosoziale Faktoren, z. B. sozioökonomische Probleme, Familienkonflikte oder psychische Erkrankungen, können die Therapie zusätzlich beeinträchtigen. Eine gute Stoffwechseleinstellung lässt sich deshalb nur erreichen, wenn alle Familienmitglieder umfassend über die praktische Umsetzung der Therapie informiert sind. Verschiedene psychosoziale Interventionen tragen dazu bei, die körperliche und seelische Gesundheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen zu erhalten. Multiprofessionelle pädiatrische Diabetesteams haben die Aufgabe, Familien darin zu unterstützen, eine gute Diabetesbehandlung mit einem normalen kindgerechten Alltag zu verbinden. Die medizinische Behandlung sollte dabei durch eine psychologisch fundierte Betreuung der Familien begleitet werden.

Summary

Diabetes imposes considerable demands in everyday life of children, adolescents and their families. Because they are also coping with normal developmental tasks, the additional burden of intensified insulin therapy may be difficult to deal with effectively. Psychosocial factors, e. g. lower-income, family-conflict and stress or psychiatric disorders, play an integral role in the management of diabetes. Achieving good metabolic control is impossible unless children, adolescents and parents are properly educated in practical management of the disease. Research has shown the efficacy of a number of psychosocial interventions that can improve the physical und psychosocial functioning of children and adolescents. Thus, multiprofessional pediatric diabetes care teams play a vital role in encouraging children, adolescents and their families to control the disease while participating fully in normal childhood/family activities. Medical treatment should be accompanied by psychological support for the families.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychische Entwicklung - psychische Störungen - Diabetesschulung

Keywords

Psychological development - psychiatric disorders - diabetes education

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