Fulminant Mycoplasma Infection Requiring ECMO in a Previously Healthy Child: Case Report and Review

Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and rarely requires hospitalization. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Eight cases of Mycoplasma infection requiring ECMO reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and 16 cases reported in the literature are summarized with 72.7% survival cumulatively.

Keywords

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - acute respiratory distress syndrome

• References

• 1 Atkinson TP, Balish MF, Waites KB. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32 (06) 956-973
• 2 ECMO Registry of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), Ann Arbor, Michigan, March 2017. ELSO Mycoplasma pneumoniae Cases 1989–2015
• 3 Jaillette E, Girault C, Brunin G. , et al. French Intensive Care Society, International congress - Réanimation 2016. Ann Intensive Care 2016; 6 (Suppl. 01) 50
• 4 Da Dalt L, Chillemi C, Cavicchiolo ME. , et al. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1v) infection in pediatric population: a multicenter study in a north-east area of Italy. Ital J Pediatr 2011; 37: 24
• 5 Waites KB, Talkington DF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17 (04) 697-728
• 6 Peng CC, Wu SJ, Chen MR, Chiu NC, Chi H. Clinical experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with pneumonia in children. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111 (03) 147-152
• 7 Duke T, Butt W, South M, Shann F. ; Royal Children's Hospital ECMO Nursing Team. The DCO2 measured by gastric tonometry predicts survival in children receiving extracorporeal life support. Comparison with other hemodynamic and biochemical information. Chest 1997; 111 (01) 174-179
• 8 Daxboeck F, Eisl B, Burghuber C, Memarsadeghi M, Assadian O, Stanek G. Fatal Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in a previously healthy 18-year-old girl. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119 (11–12): 379-384
• 9 Garcia AV, Fingeret AL, Thirumoorthi AS, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A, Kandel JJ. Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with concomitant ischemic stroke in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013; 48 (01) 98-101
• 10 Goldman AP, Tasker RC, Hosiasson S, Henrichsen T, Macrae DJ. Early response to inhaled nitric oxide and its relationship to outcome in children with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest 1997; 112 (03) 752-758
• 11 Hoffman P, Yoneda K, Morrissey B, Tzeng D, Black H. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation coupled with multimodality therapy in an adult with plastic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: A4429
• 12 Hopkins M, Montgomery G, Patel V, Rabi F. Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with extensive upper airway involvement requiring prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care Med 2012; 2012 (40) 1-328 . doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000425470.16046.c0
• 13 Lindstrom SJ, Pellegrino VA, Butt WW. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Med J Aust 2009; 191 (03) 178-182
• 14 Masuda Y, Tatsumi H, Imaizumi H. , et al. Effect of prone positioning on cannula function and impaired oxygenation during extracorporeal circulation. J Artif Organs 2014; 17 (01) 106-109
• 15 Patel K, Ali N, Nazir H, Mamoona R, Naeem M, Migliore C. Mycoplasma pneumonia as cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) requiring veno-venous extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Chest 2014; 146 (04) 163A
• 16 Sultan S, Chu G, Raschke RA, Uppalapu S. Use of VV ECMO as a novel therapy for severe acute chest syndrome with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: A1869
• 17 Yoshida T, Asato Y, Kukita I. , et al. A 7-year-old boy with mycoplasmal infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162 (01) 44-46
• 18 Hsieh YC, Tsao KC, Huang CG. , et al. Life-threatening pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31 (02) 208-209