Semin Speech Lang 2017; 38(01): C1-C10
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597263
Continuing Education Self-Study Program
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Self-Assessment Questions

Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
15 February 2017 (online)

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.

Article One (pp. 5–16)

  1. A unitary approach to cognition would hold that

    • the cognitive processes for language are the same as those required for other cognitive behaviors

    • language, attention, memory, and executive functioning are one and the same

    • the cognitive behaviors in language processing cannot be applied to other types of information

    • language processing is separate from the context in which it occurs

    • language is distinct from cognition

  2. Problems in which of the following areas would not be expected due to attentional impairment?

    • Confrontation naming

    • Word retrieval

    • Sentence production

    • Listening and reading comprehension

    • Syntactic agreement

  3. Which of the following is a language-specific approach to attentional processing?

    • Symbol cancellation

    • Card sorting

    • Naming pictures placed in left hemispace

    • Computer programs to increase reaction time

    • Visual letter and number searches

  4. Which of the following is not a recommended procedure for improving attentional processing for language?

    • Training attentional focus and resource management for language

    • Increase attentional demands

    • Automatize attentional recruitment for language

    • Engage undamaged attentional mechanisms in the nondominant hemisphere

    • Incorporate nonlinguistic tasks that require controlled attention

  5. Language-Specific Attention Training has been shown to improve all but which of the following attentional processes?

    • Selective attention

    • Sustained attention

    • Processing speed

    • Attention allocation

    • Auditory verbal working memory

    Article Two (pp. 17–28)

  6. Current research supports the idea that aphasia is

    • problem of representational loss

    • problem of access to linguistic representations

    • characteristic of right hemisphere brain damage

    • solely a problem of short-term memory (STM)

    • solely a problem of language

  7. Individuals with aphasia show which of the following patterns on verbal STM tasks?

    • Lower immediate serial recall span performance than neurologically healthy individuals

    • Higher immediate serial recall span performance than other brain-damaged counterparts

    • No difference in performance from right hemisphere-damaged counterparts

    • No difference in performance from healthy age-matched peers

    • Individuals with aphasia show no discernable pattern of performance on verbal STM tasks

  8. According to Martin and Saffran's interactive activation model, verbal STM is

    • an independent process that supports language

    • supported by a phonological coding system

    • not affected in persons with aphasia

    • a property of language processing

    • only critical for semantic processing

  9. Verbal STM-based aphasia treatments have shown

    • treating a specific verbal STM task generalizes to other verbal STM tasks

    • improvement in word production

    • improvements in overall verbal STM processing

    • inconsistent improvement on the treatment task itself

    • all of the above

  10. Successful assessments and treatments of aphasia must carefully consider which of the following?

    • The separation between verbal STM and language processing

    • Approaches that aim to reteach “lost” words

    • The incorporation of tasks that tax cognitive processes underlying language production and comprehension

    • The theory that aphasia is a loss of linguistic representations

    • None of the above

    Article Three (pp. 29–39)

  11. Which of the following tasks best describes short-term memory functioning?

    • Serial recognition of words

    • Both manipulation and free recall of words

    • Free recall of words

    • Either serial or free recall of words

    • Either serial recall or recognition of words

  12. Verbal working memory is best described as an ability of

    • temporary storage of verbal stimuli

    • temporary storage and processing of verbal stimuli

    • temporary storage and manipulation of verbal stimuli

    • temporary encoding and manipulation of verbal stimuli

    • temporary manipulation of verbal stimuli

  13. A semantic short-term memory deficit is defined in terms of

    • span of three or fewer words and worse performance in rhyme than semantic probe

    • span of three or fewer words and better performance in rhyme than semantic probe

    • span of three or fewer words and similar performance in rhyme than semantic probe

    • span of three or more words and similar performance in rhyme than phonological probe

    • span of three or more words and better performance in rhyme than phonological probe

  14. Repetition of lists of real words in serial order is best described as a

    • phonological short-term memory task

    • semantic working memory task

    • phonological-semantic short-term memory task

    • semantic short-term memory task

    • recognition short-term memory task

  15. In the matching listening span task, a person

    • hears two sentences, then recalls the final words of each sentence

    • hears pairs of word lists and then matches the spoken words to written words

    • hears pairs of word lists and then indicates if the two lists were the same or different

    • hears a sentence and then selects words from list that matches the words in the sentence

    • hears pairs of word lists and then indicates if the initial word in the first list was the same as the initial word in the second list

    Article Four (pp. 40–51)

  16. There is a growing body of literature to suggest that individuals with aphasia present with impairments to what two components of working memory?

    • Central executive and visuospatial sketchpad

    • Phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

    • Phonological loop and episodic buffer

    • Central executive and episodic buffer

    • Central executive and phonological loop

  17. What is the role of the episodic buffer within working memory?

    • Temporary storage for verbal information

    • Temporary storage for spatial information

    • Encodes short-term memories into long-term memories

    • Integrates multimodal information from working memory and long-term memory

    • Temporary storage for the central executive

  18. There is evidence that discourse based treatments for individuals with aphasia can result in

    • improved microlinguistic skills

    • improved macrolinguistic skills

    • improved scores on The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

    • A and B

    • all of the above

  19. The preliminary discourse treatment presented in this article found that after treatment, individuals with aphasia had

    • discourse with more thematic units and less global coherence errors

    • discourse with less thematic units and more global coherence errors

    • clinically significant changes to Western Aphasia Battery scores

    • clinically significant changes to family members' Communication Effective Index scores

    • no significant changes to discourse production

  20. Which discourse treatment strategy has not been shown to be effective at improving discourse in individuals with aphasia?

    • Hierarchical discourse therapy

    • Neurolinguistic programming

    • Metalinguistic strategies

    • Cognitive therapy

    • Semantic feature analysis-based treatment

    Article Five (pp. 52–61)

  21. The part of memory most concerned with knowledge about words is

    • the visuospatial sketchpad

    • procedural memory

    • semantic memory

    • the haptic sensory register

    • nonassociative memory

  22. There is some debate about whether activation during word retrieval

    • involves semantic, lexical, and phonological levels

    • occurs sequentially from the semantic to the lexical to the phonological level

    • spreads to activate the semantic features of a concept

    • converges on the lexical item with the most activated features

    • precedes the execution of the motor program for production

  23. Which of the following statements does not represent current theories about semantic features of actions?

    • Semantic features of actions include thematic roles.

    • Actions and objects are represented by some of the same feature categories.

    • Actions have two levels of semantic representation.

    • Semantic representations of actions include information about argument structure.

    • There is universal agreement about the semantic representation of verbs.

  24. A review of investigations that used semantic feature analysis of objects as a treatment for aphasic word retrieval impairments suggests that a likely outcome of this treatment for people with aphasia will be

    • improved production of treated nouns

    • improved production of treated verbs

    • improved production of grammatically accurate sentences

    • improved production of abstract nouns

    • improved production of complex sentences

  25. Mapping therapy for sentence production assumes that people with agrammatic Broca's aphasia have difficulty

    • mapping the semantic features of verbs onto their phonological representations

    • mapping the semantic features of nouns onto their phonological representations

    • mapping the semantic features of verbs onto their lexical representations

    • mapping the thematic roles of verbs onto phonological representation of a sentence

    • mapping the thematic roles of verbs onto the syntax of a sentence

    Article Six (pp. 62–74)

  26. According to the interactive two-step model of lexical retrieval, when is phonology activated during a language production task?

    • Phonology is activated first, and then activation spreads to semantics.

    • Phonology is activated after activation has spread from semantics.

    • Phonology is activated simultaneously with semantics.

    • Phonology is not activated during language production.

    • Phonology is not an element of the interactive two-step model of lexical retrieval.

  27. Which of the following is not a common phonologically based treatment cueing method discussed in this article?

    • Mixed cueing

    • Contextual priming

    • Multiple exemplar cueing

    • Orthographic cueing

    • Guided self-cueing

  28. Generalization is often limited in traditional, phonologically based cueing treatment approaches. Why?

    • Phonological cues only work as part of a hierarchy that includes semantic and syntactic cues.

    • Traditional phonological cueing is word specific and helps establish unique semantic-phonological connections for individual lexical items.

    • Phonological cueing activates too many lexical items and injury to left perisylvian cortex reduces inhibition.

    • Phonological cues are too brief to stimulate correct responses.

    • Phonological cueing only benefits people with severe phonological impairment.

  29. Which of the following are some of the core principles of phonomotor treatment?

    • Phonomotor initially trains phonemes in isolation, uses nonword and real word stimuli, and is multimodal in nature.

    • Phonomotor involves Socratic questioning, picture naming tasks, and phoneme sequences with high phonotactic probability.

    • Phonomotor uses a unique reward schedule, focuses on phonological awareness, and is intensively delivered.

    • Phonomotor uses stimuli with high neighborhood density and low phonotactic probability, focuses only on low frequency verbs, and is multimodal.

    • Phonomotor employs phonological awareness tasks, trains phonemes in isolation, and focuses on orthographic cues.

  30. This article suggests that phonomotor treatment should be considered as part of a multifaceted plan of care. What other approaches do the authors recommend?

    • Verb Network Strengthening Treatment

    • Patient and caregiver training for home practice

    • Addressing psychosocial concerns associated with aphasia

    • All of the above

    • None of the above