Simultaneous determination of phytochemicals from the seeds of Perilla cultivars

Compounds 1-4 (Figure 1) were isolated and identified from the CH₂Cl₂ and EtOAc fractions of Perilla frutescens var. japonica by column chromatography and NMR, respectively. Compounds were elucidated as a luteolin (1), apigenin (2), diosmetin (3), and kaempferol (4) comparison with other literature [1]. Simultaneous analysis was conducted to determine the concentration of these flavonoids in 10 seeds of Perilla cultivars by HPLC/UV equiped with C 18 reverse phase column. A mobile phase was a gradient system of water containing 0.5% acetic acid and MeOH. Total of 65 mins were conducted. UV wavelength set at 340nm (Table 1). As a result, among the perilla cultivars, highest contents of flavonoids were observed in the Deulsaem and Daesil (15.89 and 11.82 mg/g, respectively). Except for Danjo, all Perilla spp. contains the highest amounts of luteolin (1). In contrast, kaempferol (4) has the lowest amount. In previous research that have studied the quantification of phenolic compounds in the seeds of Korean Perilla cultivars [2]. Previous research have also demonstrated that flavonoids has many biological activities, such as an anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory [3,4]. This result showed that Perilla could be utilized as materials for functional food and health food supplement.

Fig. 1: Structures of luteolin (1), apigenin (2), diosmetin (3), and kaempferol (4) from Perilla frutescens var. japonica

Tab. 1: Flavonoid content from Perilla cultivars

Sample	Flavonoid (mg/g)
	1	2	3	4	Total
Dami	0.19 ± 0.00	0.39 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.00	ND	0.96 ± 0.02
Danjo	ND a	ND	ND	ND	ND
Deulsaem	9.47 ± 0.06	2.91 ± 0.25	3.51 ± 0.01	ND	15.9 ± 0.32
Daesil	6.57 ± 0.17	2.75 ± 0.08	2.50 ± 0.00	ND	11.82 ± 0.25
Anyu	1.84 ± 0.04	0.35 ± 0.00	1.07 ± 0.00	ND	3.26 ± 0.04
Yujin	3.02 ± 0.12	1.15 ± 0.01	1.41 ± 0.00	ND	8.84 ± 0.13
Dayu	2.77 ± 0.35	0.92 ± 0.14	0.82 ± 0.00	ND	4.51 ± 0.49
Yupseol	1.46 ± 0.04	0.59 ± 0.01	1.19 ± 0.00	ND	3.24 ± 0.05
Hyangim	0.02 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.00
Hwahong	3.7 ± 0.01	1.29 ± 0.01	0.74 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	5.83 ± 0.02

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by grants from Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ010156022016), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Keywords: Flavonoid, Perilla cultivar, HPLC.

References:

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[2] Lee JH, Park Kh, Lee MH, Kim HT, Seo WD, Kim JY, Baek IY, Jang DS, Ha TJ. Identification, characterisation, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the antioxidant activity-containing fraction from the seeds of Korean perilla (Perilla frutescens) cultivars. Food Chem 2013; 136: 843 – 852

[3] Varma SD, Mikuni I, Kinishita JH. Flavonoids as inhibitors of lens aldose reductase. Science 1975; 188: 1215 – 1216

[4] Mok SY, Lee S. Identification of flavonoids and flavonoid rhamnosides from Rhododendron mucronulatum for. albiflorum and their inhibitory activities against aldose reductase. Food Chem 2013; 136: 969 – 974

No conflict of interest has been declared by the author(s).