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Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry 2015; 05(04): 161-168
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572423
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Tumor Lysis Syndrome: An Emergency in Pediatric Oncology

Milena La Spina
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Federica Puglisi
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Federica Sullo
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Valeria Venti
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Carla Cimino
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Francesco Bellia
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Luca Lo Nigro
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Silvia Marino
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Andrea Di Cataldo
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Giovanna Russo
1   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

21 December 2015

30 December 2015

Publication Date:
23 February 2016 (online)

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Abstract

The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncology emergency triggered by a massive and abrupt release of intracellular substances (potassium, phosphate, and purine metabolites) into the bloodstream. It may occur spontaneously or, more frequently, as a consequence of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. When the accumulation of these metabolites overwhelms the normal homeostatic mechanism, the TLS develops and leads to hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcaemia. These metabolic derangements can progress to clinical manifestations including acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, central nervous system toxicity, and even death. The key to prevent and manage TLS is the identification of high-risk patients to give them appropriate treatment measures when necessary.

Keywords

tumor lysis - solid tumor - hematologic malignancies - child
 

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