Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Blepharospasm, Orofacial/Oromandibular Dystonia, and Hemifacial Spasm

Barbara Illowsky Karp; Katharine Alter

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1571952

Seminars in Neurology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Semin Neurol 2016; 36(01): 084-091
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571952

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Blepharospasm, Orofacial/Oromandibular Dystonia, and Hemifacial Spasm

Authors

Barbara Illowsky Karp

¹Combined NeuroScience IRB, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Katharine Alter

²Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Warren Grant Magnusen Clinical Center and Eunice Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland

Abstract

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary, repetitive eye closure. Orofacial and oromandibular dystonia describe involuntary dystonic movements of orofacial and oromandibular musculature. Hemifacial spasm is characterized by repetitive synchronous contraction of facial nerve innervated muscles on one side of the face. In this article, the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and approaches to treatment are reviewed. Technical aspects of using botulinum toxin for treatment and reported outcomes are discussed.

Keywords

blepharospasm - orofacial dystonia - oromandibular dystonia - hemifacial spasm - Meige's syndrome - botulinum toxin

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Referenzen

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