Pharmacologic and Epidemiologic Study of the Course of Influenza and Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Postpandemic Season in Children Younger than 18 years

Abstract

Introduction We assessed the epidemiologic data of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in children during the first postpandemic season.

Methods A retrospective analysis of randomly selected case histories of 2044 children with influenza and other ARVI.

Results Influenza A was diagnosed in 40%, influenza B in 12%, and other ARVI in 10% of cases. Umifenovir (Arbidol) was the most frequently prescribed at the prehospital and hospital stages (10.2% [207/2,025] and 65.2% [1,332/2,042], respectively).

Conclusion The results suggested that early prescription of Arbidol significantly reduced the duration of the main symptoms of influenza and ARVIs and the risk of complications.

Keywords

influenza - acute respiratory viral infections - antiviral therapy - umifenovir

• References

• 1 Onishchenko GG. [Epidemiologic situation on influenza caused by high pathogenic virus A (H1N1) in Russian Federation and in the world]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2010; 1 (1) 3-9
• 2 L'vov DK, Burtseva EI, Shchelkanov MIu , et al. [Spread of new pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus in Russia]. Vopr Virusol 2010; 55 (3) 4-9 (In Russian)
• 3 Patel M, Dennis A, Flutter C, Khan Z. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104 (2) 128-142
• 4 Mak GC, Wong AH, Ho WYY, Lim W. The impact of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 on the circulation of respiratory viruses 2009–2011. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2012; 6 (3) e6-e10
• 5 Yatsyshina SB. Monitoring of influenza and ARVI: the 2008–2009 season and beginning of the 2009/10 season. In: Kiselev OI, ed. Bulletin of the Plenary Meeting of the Task Group of the RAMS “Influenza and Influenza-Like Infections”. St. Petersburg, Russia: Research Institute of Influenza; 2010: 100-111 [In Russian]
• 6 Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L , et al; Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med 2009; 360 (25) 2605-2615
• 7 Sukhovetskaya VF, Dondurei EA, Obraztsova EC , et al. Acute respiratory infections in children in St. Petersburg in the pandemic period of influenza A H1N1. Detskie Infektsii 2012; 11 (2) 23-25
• 8 Bradley JS, Bernstein HH, Kimberlin DW, Brady MT. Antiviral therapy options critical for high-risk patients with influenza. AAP News 2012; 33 (12) 12
• 9 Wong KK, Jain S, Blanton L , et al. Influenza-associated pediatric deaths in the United States, 2004-2012. Pediatrics 2013; 132 (5) 796-804
• 10 Garg S, Fry AM, Patton M, Fiore AE, Finelli L. Antiviral treatment of influenza in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31 (2) e43-e51
• 11 Burtseva EI, Shevchenko ES, Beliakova NV , et al. [Monitoring of the sensitivity of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in Russia to etiotropic chemical agents]. Vopr Virusol 2009; 54 (5) 24-28 (In Russian)
• 12 Uchaikin VP, Shuster AM, Kladova OV, Mednikov BL. Arbidol in treatment of pediatric influenza and other acute viral infections of respiratory tract. Pediatriya 2002; 81 (6) 61-64 [In Russian]
• 13 Golovacheva EG, Erman ES, Osidak LV , et al. Clinicoimmunologic specificities of acute respiratory infections in frequently ill children. Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii 2010; 5 (2) 38-45 [In Russian]
• 14 Bulgakova VA. [Immunomodulators for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections: efficacy of azoximer bromide]. Ter Arkh 2014; 86 (12) 92-97 [In Russian]
• 15 WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A. (H1N1) 2009 and Other Influenza Viruses. WHO; Revised February 2010
• 16 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6001a1.htm?s_cid=rr6001a1_e . Accessed March 15, 2011
• 17 Leneva IA, Russell RJ, Boriskin YS, Hay AJ. Characteristics of Arbidol-resistant mutants of influenza virus: implications for the mechanism of anti-influenza action of Arbidol. Antiviral Res 2009; 81 (2) 132-140
• 18 Brooks MJ, Burtseva EI, Ellery PJ , et al. Antiviral activity of Arbidol, a broad-spectrum drug for use against respiratory viruses, varies according to test conditions. J Med Virol 2012; 84 (1) 170-181
• 19 Blaising J, Polyak SJ, Pécheur EI. Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: an update. Antiviral Res 2014; 107: 84-94
• 20 Evaluation of the role of measures to ensure pandemic readiness in the National Influenza Centers of the WHO European Region when taking counter measures related to H1N1 2009 pandemic. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/159879/NIC_evaluation-report_rus.pdf. [In Russian] Accessed on June 22, 2015
• 21 Maleev VV, Kondrat'eva TV, Krasnikova TV. Efficacy of pharmacotherapy of influenza and other ARVI in the period of influenza pandemia in 2009–2010. Inf Bolezni 2010; 8 (4) 62-65
• 22 Burtseva EI, L'vov DK, Shchelkanov MIu , et al. [The specific features of the cocirculation of influenza viruses in the 2010–2011 postpandemic period according to the results of activities of the D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia]. Vopr Virusol 2012; 57 (1) 20-28 [In Russian]
• 23 Afanasyeva OI, Golovacheva EG, Voloshchuk LV , et al. Inhibitors of neuraminidase in therapy of influenza. Detskie Infektsii 2010; 9 (3) 35-41
• 24 Dondurei EA, Osidak LV, Golovacheva EG, Golovanova AK, Amosova IV, Gladchenko LN. Acute viral infections with combined involvement of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in children. Therapy with interferon. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 148 (2) 283-286
• 25 Zakharova IN, Malinovskaya VV, Korovina NA, Kurbanova KhI, Glukhareva NS, Koroid NV. Clinical immunologic grounds for local interferon use in acute viral infection treatment. Curr Paediatr 2011; 10 (5) 117-122 (In Russian)
• 26 Teissier E, Zandomeneghi G, Loquet A , et al. Mechanism of inhibition of enveloped virus membrane fusion by the antiviral drug Arbidol. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 (1) e15874