Experimente zum Thema Handlungsbereitschaft – 50 Jahre Bereitschaftspotential^[1]

Zusammenfassung

Mein Mentor H. H. Kornhuber (1928–2009) und ich haben 1964 in Freiburg i. Br. Hirnpotentiale gefunden, die Willenshandlungen vorausgehen: Bereitschaftspotential (BP), weltweit so genannt (ein deutsches Wort in der englischen Sprache). Das BP war kein Zufallsbefund; wir haben gezielt nach Zeichen selbst-aktiver Intention und Willen gesucht. Der Arbeitsplatz des BPs auch mit Fotos, sowie der wissenschaftliche Hintergrund der BP-Entdeckung werden beschrieben. Die BP-Publikation (1965) wurde ein ‚Citation Classic‘, von denen noch 3 weitere erschienen. Klinische Anwendung: BP beim Parkinson. Das BP-Analogon im MEG (Magnetoenzephalogramm) Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld wurde gefunden. Die Libet-Versuche werden kritisch diskutiert. Visuelle Trackingbewegungen von Lang et al. zeigten, dass die SMA (supplementäre motorische Area) die Bewegung startet aber nicht ausführt, sie delegiert dies an den ‚Experten‘ optischer Cortex. Cunnington et al. leiteten im fMRT den Bereitschafts-BOLD-Effekt ab, die Kurve sieht aus wie das BP. Kornhuber und ich fanden, dass auch die CMA (cinguläre motorische Area) vor Handlungen aktiv ist. Cunnington hat dazu Neues.

Abstract

My mentor H. H. Kornhuber (1928–2009) and I recorded – in 1964 in Freiburg, Germany – brain potentials preceding willed, volitional actions: Bereitschaftspotential, BP, so named worldwide – a German word in the English language. The BP was not a serendipitous discovery – we were purposefully searching for signs of self-active intention and will. The original experimental setup of the BP with photos, and the historical scientific background are described. The publication in 1965 became a citation classic; 3 further citation classics appeared. Clinical application: BP in Parkinson’s disease. The BP analogue in the MEG (Magnetoencephalography) ‘Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld’ was found by us. Libet’s experiments are critically reviewed. Visual tracking movements of Lang et al. revealed evidence that the SMA (supplementary motor area) is starting the tracking movement but is not executing it, the SMA is delegating this to the ‘expert’ visual cortex. Cunnington et al. recorded the Bereitschafts-BOLD effect in the fMRI, the curve looks like the BP. Kornhuber and I found that also the CMA (cingulate motor area) is active preceding actions. Cunnington has news on that.

Schlüsselwörter

Bereitschaftspotential - Wollen - Motivation - Intention - Willensfreiheit

Key words

Bereitschaftspotential - volition - motivation - intention - freedom of will

¹ Teilweise mündlich vorgetragen auf dem 30th International Congress of Clinical Neurophysiology, ICCN2014 Berlin 20.–23. März 2014 am 20. März 2014 08:30 in der Session Bereitschaftspotential: 50 years after its discovery.

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